Figure 4

A fundamental step in tumorigenesis – angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a critical step in the pathogenesis of solid tumors. Tumors remain in a dormant state (avascular phase) for a long time (up to several years), in which tumors keep their size within 1 – 2 mm³. When tumor progression starts, tumor cells secrete a large amount of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF, to the surrounding tissues and blood capillaries. Once tumor angiogenesis is initiated, tumors enter a 'vascular phase' and become more aggressive. These newly formed blood vessels provide tumor cells with oxygen and nutrients for them to grow and for the initiation of metastasis.