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Table 3 Distribution frequencies* of Chinese herbal product prescriptions potentially containing aristolochic acid (by cumulated doses), 1997–2003

From: Prescription profile of potentially aristolochic acid containing Chinese herbal products: an analysis of National Health Insurance data in Taiwan between 1997 and 2003

Herbal product

Cumulated dose (g)

Median (90% CI#)

No. of patients

Percentages (%) of patients with various cumulated doses of AA herbs

<15 g

16–30 g

31–60 g

61–100 g

101–150 g

>150 g

Types of AA herbs included

Xixin

12.6 (1.5–128.5)

47,869

54.1

18.6

13.6

6.4

3.3

4.0

Tianxianteng

10.5 (0.03–87.0)

110

66.0

19.4

2.9

7.8

1.9

1.9

Madouling

21.0 (4.0–120.0)

665

36.0

29.1

19.7

7.5

4.3

3.4

Herbs potentially adulterated by AA herbs

Fangji

6.0 (1.1–50.8)

34,462

77.8

12.0

6.2

2.2

0.9

1.0

Muxiang

8.0 (1.2–70.0)

34,195

69.1

15.9

8.8

3.2

1.6

1.5

Mutong

14.0 (1.8–124.4)

34,399

51.8

19.9

14.6

6.7

3.2

3.8

  1. *Distribution frequency refers to the number of patients who have been prescribed with Chinese herbal products that may potentially contain aristolochic acid (AA).
  2. #90% CI: 90% confidence interval