Effects of Sophora japonica flowers (Huaihua) on cerebral infarction

Chinese Medicine

Table 1 Possible pharmacological actions of Sophora japonica on cerebral infarction

Pharmacological actions	Related components	Possible mechanisms
Anti-oxidative effects	flavonoid	scavenges superoxide anion and free radicals [8]
	polysaccharides	scavenges hydroxyl and superoxide anion free radicals [9]
	quercetin and rutin	scavenge free radicals [10]
	rutin	inhibits the conversion of superoxide anion to hydroxyl radicals[11]
	irisolidone	inhibits lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and reduced apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide[12]
Anti-inflammatory effects	quercetin and rutin	inhibit microglial activation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, and apoptosis [25]
Anti-inflammatory effects	rutin	reduce IL-1β mRNA expression [26]
Anti-platelet aggregation effects	biochanin A, irisolidone, genistein and tectoridin	inhibit arachidonic acid- and thromboxane A₂- induced platelet aggregation [2]
Anti-platelet aggregation effects	quercetin	inhibits free calcium increase within platelets [27]
Cardiovascular effects	Sophora japonica decoction	reduces cardiac muscle contractility and reduces heart rate [30, 31]
	Quercetin	stabilizes capillary integrity [32]
	rutin, quercetin and tannin	reduce capillary perameability [31, 33]
	Isorhamnetin	increases capillary permeability [1]

ISSN: 1749-8546