Figure 3
A simplified illustration showing the role of Nrf2 in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways preventing carcinogenesis. Upon stimulation by ROS, RNS (having negative effects in subjects) and chemopreventive compounds (having positive effects in subjects), Nrf2 is activated and NF-kB pathways can also be mediated concurrently, such multiple interactions allow chemopreventive compounds, including ginseng, to exert their beneficial cancer preventive and therapeutic effects.