Is Duhuo Jisheng Tang containing Xixin safe? A four-week safety study

Table 1 Detection of aristolochic acid (AA) in study drug and other brand products in the market

Chinese herbal products	Sample no.	Contents (μg/g)
Chinese herbal products	Sample no.	AA-I ^a	AA-II ^a
DJT (study drug)	1	(--)	(--)
	25-fold concentration	(--)	(--)
Other brand products bought in the open market
DJT (brand 1^b)	2	(--)	(--)
	16.7-fold concentration^c	(--)	(--)
DJT (brand 2)	3	(--)	(--)
	25-fold concentration	(--)	(--)
DJT (brand 3)	4	(--)	(--)
	10-fold concentration^c	(--)	(--)
Xixin (brand 1^b)	5	(--)	(--)
	25-fold concentration	6.64	(--)
Xixin (brand 2)	6	(--)	(--)
	25-fold concentration	6.77	(--)
Xixin (brand 3)	7	(--)	(--)
	25-fold concentration	9.95	(--)

Notes:
a The detection limit of aristolochic acid I (AA-I) and aristolochic acid II (AAII) is 2.0 ng/ml
^bBrand 1 products (samples nos. 2 and 5) were also produced by Sun Ten Pharmaceutical Company (Taiwan), but they were directly purchased from the market.
^cSamples nos. 2 and 4 could only be concentrated up to less than 25-fold during the test procedure.