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Table 3 Cross-table of true positive cases classified simultaneously by categories of pattern-dataset similarity and pattern differentiation outcome grouped by incremental combination of the Four Examinations

From: Misdiagnosis and undiagnosis due to pattern similarity in Chinese medicine: a stochastic simulation study using pattern differentiation algorithm

Outcomes per Examination

Pattern-dataset similarity, S*

Total

No similarity

Negligible

Weak

Moderate

Strong

Perfect

Ip

      

7300

Correct diagnosis

100

100

562

943

586

1439

3730

Misdiagnosis

0

0

18

132

109

801

1060

Undiagnosis

0

0

20

225

105

2060

2410

Missing

-

-

-

-

 

-

100

Ip+AO

      

7300

Correct diagnosis

100

200

369

1283

760

1668

4380

Misdiagnosis

0

0

15

164

761

712

1652

Undiagnosis

0

0

16

153

79

1520

1768

Missing

-

-

-

-

 

-

100

Ip+AO+Iq

      

7300

Correct diagnosis

0

100

1048

3638

1462

437

6685

Misdiagnosis

0

0

51

200

107

125

483

Undiagnosis

0

0

1

62

31

38

132

Missing

-

-

-

-

 

-

0

Ip+AO+Iq+p

      

7300

Correct diagnosis

0

0

671

3839

1840

404

6754

Misdiagnosis

0

0

22

205

133

81

441

Undiagnosis

0

0

7

56

27

15

105

Missing

-

-

-

-

 

-

0

  1. For Ip: γ = 0.684, 95% CI = [0.660, 0.708], P < 0.01; γ*2 ≈ 27%
  2. For Ip+AO: γ = 0.660, 95% CI = [0.634, 0.686], P < 0.01; γ*2 ≈ 25%
  3. For Ip+AO+Iq: γ = 0.398, 95% CI = [0.339, 0.458], P < 0.01; γ*2 ≈ 8%
  4. For Ip+AO+Iq+p: γ = 0.286, 95% CI = [0.217; 0.355], P < 0.01; γ*2 ≈ 4%
  5. Ip = Inspection; AO = Auscultation and Olfaction; Iq = Inquiry; P = Palpation.
  6. Note: Missing cases were due to the absence of the manifestations describing the inspection method. These values were not considered for statistical analysis.