Figure 1

Extract functions as a PPARγ agonist. (A) Extract increased the ligand-binding activity of PPARγ. HEK293 cells were transfected with pFA-PPARγ and pFR-Luc (UAS-Gal4-luciferase) and then treated with extract (5 μg/ml), rosiglitazone (10 μM), or macelignan (10 μM) for 24 hours. (B) Extract induced transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were transfected with 3 × PPREs-tk-Luc and treated with extract (5 μg/ml), rosiglitazone (10 μM), or macelignan (10 μM) for 24 hours. (C) Extract induced adipogenesis. Oil red O staining was measured after differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells in medium containing 0.1% DMSO (control), extract (5 μg/ml), rosiglitazone (1 μM), or macelignan (10 μM) for seven days. (D) Extract increased PPARγ target gene (aP2) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with extract (5 μg/ml), rosiglitazone (10 μM), or macelignan (10 μM) for 24 hours. Expression of mRNAs was estimated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and the results were expressed as mRNA levels relative to 0.1% DMSO (control). Data represent are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)