Figure 7
Mechanisms underlying the immunomodulation effects of RPR-EA-S1. In BCG-stimulated macrophages, RPR-EA-S1 can specifically inhibit IL-10 production and yet enhance IL-8 expression. RPR-EA-S1 did not affect the phosphorylation of cellular protein kinases including ERK, p38, Akt and GSK3β. Its inhibitory effects in BCG-activated IL-10 expression may be, at least in part, through the suppression of the degradation of IκBα in the cytoplasm and thus inhibited the translocation of transcription factor NF-κB1 p50 to the nucleus.