Figure 6

Comparison of ginsenoside stereoisomers' effects on PC-12 cell morphology. The stacked bars illustrate the percentages of cells that do not possess neurites, possess short neurites only, or possess long neurites in each treatment group. At least 160 cells were counted for each treatment. 20(R)-Rh₁, 20(S)-Rh₁, 20(R)-Rg₂ and 20(S)-Rg₂ (20 μM) all increased the percentage of cells possessing short or long neurites in the absence of NGF compared to the control group. In the presence of NGF (5 ng/ml) the neurite outgrowth were slightly enhanced, and no obvious difference in the effects were observed between 20(R)-ginsenosides and 20(S)-ginsenosides.