Skip to main content

Table 4 Descriptive statistics of manifestations

From: Zangfu zheng (patterns) are associated with clinical manifestations of zang shang (target-organ damage) in arterial hypertension

Manifestations

Frequency of manifestations

Liver-fire blazing upwards

(n = 8; 18.6%)

Kidney-yin deficiency and Liver-yang rising

(n = 30; 69.8%)

Kidney-yin/yang deficiency

(n = 5; 11.6%)

Whole sample

(n = 43; 100%)

red tongue

5 (100.0)

28 (84.8)

2 (40.0)

35 (81.4)

headache

2 (40.0)

26 (78.8)

3 (60.0)

31 (72.1)

irritability

2 (40.0)

27 (81.8)

0 (0)

29 (67.4)

palpitation

1 (20.0)

21 (63.6)

4 (80.0)

26 (60.5)

blurred vision

1 (20.0)

21 (63.6)

3 (60.0)

25 (58.1)

insomnia

0 (0)

23 (69.7)

2 (40.0)

25 (58.1)

mental fatigue

2 (40.0)

19 (57.6)

4 (80.0)

25 (58.1)

frequent nocturnal urination

4 (80.0)

16 (48.5)

4 (80.0)

24 (55.8)

numbness in feet and hands

0 (0)

19 (57.6)

5 (100)

24 (55.8)

shortness of breath

2 (40.0)

19 (57.6)

3 (60.0)

24 (55.8)

heavy limbs sensation

1 (20.0)

17 (51.5)

4 (80.0)

22 (51.2)

wiry pulse

4 (80.0)

17 (51.5)

1 (20.0)

22 (51.2)

tinnitus

2 (40.0)

16 (48.5)

3 (60.0)

21 (48.8)

red eyes

2 (40.0)

14 (42.4)

4 (80.0)

20 (46.5)

constipation

3 (60.0)

14 (42.4)

2 (40.0)

19 (44.2)

peeled tongue

2 (40.0)

17 (51.5)

0 (0)

19 (44.2)

numbness in the limbs

1 (20.0)

16 (48.5)

1 (20.0)

18 (41.9)

dizziness

1 (20.0)

13 (39.4)

3 (60.0)

17 (39.5)

nausea

1 (20.0)

15 (45.5)

1 (20.0)

17 (39.5)

congested feeling in the chest

1 (20.0)

13 (39.4)

2 (40.0)

16 (37.2)

weak legs

3 (60.0)

12 (36.4)

1 (20.0)

16 (37.2)

excessive dreaming

0 (0)

10 (30.3)

1 (20.0)

11 (25.6)

flushed face

1 (20.0)

8 (24.2)

2 (40.0)

11 (25.6)

thin pulse

0 (0)

9 (27.3)

2 (40.0)

11 (25.6)

impotent

1 (20.0)

7 (21.2)

2 (40.0)

10 (23.3)

strong pulse

3 (60.0)

5 (15.2)

1 (20.0)

9 (20.9)

pale tongue

0 (0)

5 (15.2)

3 (60.0)

8 (18.6)

vomiting

0 (0)

7 (21.2)

1 (20.0)

8 (18.6)

fainting

0 (0)

5 (15.2)

2 (40.0)

7 (16.3)

slippery pulse

1 (20.0)

5 (15.2)

1 (20.0)

7 (16.3)

yellow coating

3 (60.0)

4 (12.1)

0 (0)

7 (16.3)

fast pulse

1 (20.0)

4 (12.1)

0 (0)

5 (11.6)

severe dizziness

0 (0)

4 (12.1)

1 (20.0)

5 (11.6)

aphasia

0 (0)

3 (9.1)

1 (20.0)

4 (9.3)

stroke

1 (20.0)

2 (6.1)

1 (20.0)

4 (9.3)

deep pulse

0 (0)

1 (3.0)

2 (40.0)

3 (7.0)

convulsions

0 (0)

1 (3.0)

0 (0)

1 (2.3)

  1. Frequencies of manifestations in the studied sample according to Zangfu patterns (manifestations were arranged in decreasing order of occurrence).
  2. Values are shown as: absolute frequency (%).