Fig. 6

Effects of AFS and its components on LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophages. a Cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells treated with AFS and its main components. RAW264.7 murine macrophages were cultured in a 96-well plate for 24 h, and then incubated with or without AFS (0.055 mg/mL) or its main components (30 μM) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. b–c Inhibitory effects of AFS components on LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 release in macrophages. Cells were incubated with AFS (0.055 mg/mL) or its main components (30 μM) for 1 h, followed by stimulation with or without LPS (100 ng/mL). The production of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Data were presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.