Crude triterpenoid saponins from Ilex latifolia (Da Ye Dong Qing) ameliorate lipid accumulation by inhibiting SREBP expression via activation of AMPK in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model

Table 5 Effects of CTS on FFA, MDA, GSH and ATPase in the livers of mice fed with HFD

Parameter	Control	HFD	HFD + Simvastatin	HFD + CTS-100	HFD + CTS-200
FFA (μmol/g protein)	61.05 ± 12.49	94.70 ± 15.63^##	91.73 ± 13.50^△	93.89 ± 10.81*	79.87 ± 11.18**
MDA (nmol/mg protein)	0.69 ± 0.34	3.19 ± 0.33^##	1.88 ± 0.44^△△	1.68 ± 0.54**	1.50 ± 0.38**
GSH (μg/mg protein)	2.65 ± 0.53	1.05 ± 0.24^##	2.80 ± 0.59^△△	2.55 ± 0.65**	2.61 ± 0.50**
Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase (mmol pi/g/h)	1.55 ± 0.19	1.79 ± 018^#	1.57 ± 0.26^△	1.68 ± 0.10	1.60 ± 0.26*
Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase (mmol pi/g/h)	1.65 ± 0.13	1.76 ± 0.11^#	1.31 ± 0.14^△	1.55 ± 0.14**	1.42 ± 0.31**

Values were expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 10). ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, HFD vs. control. ^△ P < 0.05, ^△△ P < 0.01, HFD vs. simvastatin treatment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, HFD vs. CTS treatment.

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