Fig. 1

Dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects of CME on CNE-1 cells. CNE-1 cells were treated with 0.1 % DMSO (vehicle control), 4 μg/mL cisplatin (positive control) and various concentrations (15–50 μg/mL) of CME for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and then cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Values are the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 versus control