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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants

From: Self-administered acupressure for treating adult psychiatric patients with constipation: a randomized controlled trial

 

Total

Frequency

Treatment group

Frequency

Sham group

Frequency

Chi-square test

n = 68

%

n = 33

%

n = 35

%

Test value

P

Gender

      

0.108

0.743

 Male

44

64.7

22

66.7

22

62.9

  

 Female

24

35.3

11

33.3

13

37.1

  

Age

      

3.245

0.355

 20–30

7

10.3

5

15.2

2

5.7

  

 30–40

15

22.1

5

15.2

10

28.6

  

 40–50

24

35.3

11

33.3

13

37.1

  

 50–60

22

32.4

12

36.4

10

28.6

  

Diagnosis

      

5.020

0.170

 Schizophrenia

54

79.4

29

87.9

25

71.4

  

 Bipolar disorder

1

1.5

1

3.0

0

0

  

 Depression

1

1.5

0

0

1

2.9

  

 Multiple diagnosis

12

17.6

3

9.1

9

25.7

  

BMI

      

2.967

0.227

 <18.5

3

4.4

1

3.0

2

5.7

  

 18.5–23.9

29

42.6

11

33.3

18

51.4

  

 >23.9

36

52.9

21

63.6

15

42.9

  

Classification of occupation

      

0.675

0.714

 Full-time

10

14.7

6

18.2

4

11.4

  

 Part-time

10

14.7

5

15.2

5

14.3

  

 Unemployment

48

70.6

22

66.7

26

74.3

  

Highest education level

      

1.738

0.629

 Primary

26

38.2

14

42.4

12

38.4

  

 Secondary

39

57.4

17

51.5

22

62.9

  

 Tertiary

2

2.9

1

3

1

2.9

  

 Not educated

1

1.5

1

3

0

0

  

Living condition

      

0.021

0.870

 Private/public housing

53

77.9

26

78.8

27

77.1

  

 Hostel

15

22.1

7

21.2

8

22.9

  

Fluid intake

      

1.564

0.211

 <1500 ml

30

44.1

12

36.4

18

51.4

  

 >1500 ml

38

55.9

21

63.6

17

48.6

  
       

0.041

0.839

Fiber intake

        

 <20–35 g/day

40

58.8

19

57.6

21

60

  

 >20–35 g/day

28

41.2

14

42.4

14

40

  

Exercise more than twice per week

      

0.652

0.419

 Yes

26

38.2

11

33.3

15

42.9

  

 No

42

61.8

22

66.7

20

57.1

  

How long have you taken anti-psychotic drugs

      

1.244

0.265

 <24 months

7

10.3

2

6.1

5

14.3

  

 >24 months

61

89.7

31

93.9

30

85.7

  

Do you have constipation after taking anti-psychotic drugs

      

0.095

0.758

 Yes

42

61.8

21

63.6

21

60

  

 No

26

38.2

12

36.4

14

40

  

Do you taking laxatives or other drug for relieving constipation during study?

      

0.075

0.785

 Yes

30

44.1

14

42.4

16

45.7

  

 No

38

55.9

19

57.6

19

54.3

  

The total number of drugs used for relieving constipation

      

1.661

0.436

 0

39

57.4

19

57.6

20

57.1

  

 1

16

23.5

6

18.2

10

28.6

  

 >1

13

19.1

8

24.2

5

14.3

  

The total number of drugs used for treating psychiatric illness

      

0.231

0.891

 1

17

25

9

27.3

8

22.9

  

 2–3

39

57.4

18

54.5

21

60

  

 >3

12

17.6

6

18.2

6

17.1

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