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Table 4 Summary of co-occurrence patterns that have CM syndrome connotations

From: Identification of Chinese medicine syndromes in persistent insomnia associated with major depressive disorder: a latent tree analysis

Latent states

Co-occurrence patterns

Relevant CM syndromes

Y18 = s1

Thirst, favor of drinking

Liver-qi stagnation transforming into fire

Y17 = s1

Dry mouth, dry throat, bitter taste, agitation

Liver fire flaming upward, Stomach disharmony

Hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency

Y16 = s1

Weary limbs, sore knees, hypochondriac pain, backache, pain in the chest and hypochondrium, aphthous stomatitis

Deficiency of both the heart and spleen

Liver fire flaming upward

Heart-kidney noninteraction

Y15 = s1

Heavy headedness, head distension, difficulty falling asleep alone

Internal disturbance of phlegm-heat

Liver-qi stagnation transforming into fire

Qi deficiency of the heart and gallbladder

Y14 = s1

Insomnia with vexation, vexation, restless sleep, vexation in sitting and lying down

Qi deficiency of the heart and gallbladder

Stomach disharmony

Heart-kidney noninteraction.

Y13 = s1

Sleeping late at night, frequent awakening with a start, half asleep, poor memory

Liver fire flaming upward

Deficiency of both the heart and spleen

Heart-kidney noninteraction

Y12 = s1

Headache, excessive dreaming, night sweating, feverish sensations in the palms, soles and chest, tinnitus.

Liver fire flaming upward

Y11 = s1

Nausea, poor appetite

Internal disturbance of phlegm-heat

Y10 = s1

Lassitude, fright palpitation, dyspnea, tasteless, oppression in the chest, cold extremities

Heart-kidney noninteraction,

Heart deficiency with timidity

Y09 = s1

Frequent sighing, fatigue, vexation, unrefreshing sleep, dizziness, difficulty falling asleep with vexation, palpitation.

Liver-qi stagnation transforming into fire

Stomach disharmony

Liver fire flaming upward

Heart-kidney noninteraction

Y08 = s1

Thoughtful

Qi deficiency of the heart and gallbladder

Y07 = s1

Impatience, irritability

Liver-qi stagnation transforming into fire

Liver fire flaming upward

Heart-kidney noninteraction

Y05 = s1

Belching, gastric stuffiness, stuffiness and pain in stomach and abdomen, stuffiness in stomach and abdomen, profuse sputum, difficulty falling asleep, hypochondriac distension

Stomach disharmony

Y04 = s1

Acid regurgitation, insomnia

Internal disturbance of phlegm-heat

Hyperactivity of fire due to yin deficiency