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2000
|
Russell [68]
|
To compare the behavior of addicts in a treatment center with archived information from no-acupuncture (NA) patients
|
86 Patients (Methamphetamine was the primary drug of choice for 44)
|
AA at 5 NADA points, 45 min for 9 weeks
|
Program retention, new arrests incurred, drug-positive urinalysis results, and number of days needed to progress from entry level to secondary level treatment
|
Acupuncture improved program retention up to 30 days among methamphetamine-addicted patients
|
|
2000
|
Song Bernstein [14]
|
To explore the meaning of substance abusers’ experience while receiving acupuncture as a part of the treatment for substance dependence
|
8 Human Subjects
|
AA, (NA), once a week
|
Interviews, researcher’s field notes, and demographic data obtained from the participants’ medical records
|
Acupuncture caused anticipation of pain, apprehension concerning a new experience, mood elevation, inability to describe the experience, physical sensation, relaxation, and improved sleep
|
|
2004
|
Berman [13]
|
To compare the experimental NADA-Acudetox protocol with a non-specific helix control protocol in a randomized trial
|
174 Inmates
|
Auricular acupuncture at 5 NADA points, 40 min for 4 weeks
|
A simple drug use questionnaire, the Acupuncture Treatment Assessment Scale (ATAS), a Swedish research version of the Symptom Check List 90
|
Acupuncture had no significant efficiency over the placebo
|
|
2005
|
Janssen [36]
|
To examine the utility of acupuncture treatment in reducing substance use in the marginalized, transient population
|
261 Humans
|
AA at 5 NADA points for 40 min
|
Questionnaire, Drug use symptomatology, severity of withdrawal symptoms
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Acupuncture caused reduction in overall use of substances and decrease in intensity of withdrawal symptoms
|
|
2006
|
Tian [73]
|
To examine the efficacy of AA in addition to usual care in substance abuse treatment
|
17 Humans
|
AA at 5-points NADA, once a week for 6 consecutive weeks
|
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-20) depression scale, brief substance craving scale
|
there was a positive response to the specific auricular acupressure treatment on psychological distress, craving, and drug/alcohol use measures
|
|
2007
|
Courbasson and Christine [26]
|
To evaluate the benefits of adding AA to a 21-day outpatient structured psychoeducational treatment program
|
185 Women with concurrent substance use problems, anxiety, and depression
|
AA at 5 points NADA for 45 min, 3 times a week
|
Physiological cravings for substances, depression, and anxiety
|
AA as an adjunct therapy to a comprehensive psychoeducational treatment was effective and more viable treatment alternative to anxiolytics
|
|
2009
|
Ashton [9]
|
To describe the characteristics of clients choosing AA or counseling to treat dependence at a UK self-referral center
|
162 Humans, n = 36 acupuncture, n = 126 counselling
|
AA at 5-points NADA, 45 min, once a week for 11 weeks
|
Psychometric variables (anxiety, depression, dependence severity, readiness to change), and alcohol and drug consumption
|
Acupuncture was preferred by clients and follow up assessments showed a significant decrease in psychological distress and reduction of alcohol consumption
|
|
2014, 2010
|
Chang and Bei-Hung [23, 24]
|
Examine the effects of acupuncture and related response (RR) on reducing craving
|
23 Acupuncture, 23 RR, 21 controls (homeless military veterans)
|
AA at 5-points NADA, 45 min twice a week
|
Degree of craving and anxiety levels
|
acupuncture and the relaxation reduced craving and anxiety levels
|
|
2011
|
Black, S. [7]
|
To test the hypothesis if AA reduces the anxiety associated with withdrawal from psychoactive drugs.
|
101 Patients recruited from an addiction treatment service
|
AA at 5-points NADA 45 min for 3 days
|
Anxiety state by using a pretest–posttest treatment design
|
The NADA protocol was not more effective than sham or treatment setting control in reducing anxiety
|
|
2012
|
Janssen [35]
|
To test the ability of maternal acupuncture treatment among mothers who use illicit drugs to reduce the frequency and severity of withdrawal symptoms among their newborns
|
50 Women using acupuncture, 39 women standard care
|
AA at 5-points NADA for 45 min
|
Days of neonatal morphine treatment for symptoms of neonatal withdrawal. Neonatal outcomes included admission to a neonatal ICU and transfer to foster care
|
length of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome showed no efficiency of acupuncture
|
|
2012
|
Penetar [66]
|
To investigate the effects of TEAS on drug addiction
|
9 Cocaine-dependent, 11 Cannabis-dependent
|
2 and 100 Hz at Neiguan (PC6)/Waiguan (TH5) and Hegu (LI4)/Laogong (PC8) stimulation, Twice-daily 30-minute sessions of for 3.5 days
|
Drug use and drug cravings, cue-induced craving EEG evaluation, and P300 ERP
|
TEAS did not reduce drug use or drug cravings, or alter the ERP peak voltage or latency but modulated several self reported measures of mood and anxiety
|
|
2014
|
Bergdah [12]
|
To describe patients’ experiences of receiving AA during protracted withdrawal
|
15 Human subjects
|
AA at 5-points NADA 40 min, twice a week for 5 weeks
|
Interview
|
AA reinforced sense of relaxation and well-being, peacefulness and harmony, and new behaviors
|
