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Table 4 Effects of P. kesiya and melphalan on apoptosis induction in U937 and HepG2 cells

From: Synergistic effects of melphalan and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (Simaosong) extracts on apoptosis induction in human cancer cells

IC50 ratio

% Apoptotic cells

IC50 of P. kesiya

IC50 of Melphalan

U937

HepG2

0

1

43.1 ± 16.3

53.0 ± 6.1

1

0

42.5 ± 4.8b

39.7 ± 2.6a

1

1

100a

100a

0.1

1

77.0 ± 1.9a

66.7 ± 3.1a

0.2

1

100a

74.9 ± 12.3a

0.5

1

100a

92.8 ± 1.3a

1.5

1

100a

98.3 ± 3.0a

2

1

100a

100a

1

0.05

38.6 ± 6.1a

62.4 ± 3.2a

1

0.1

48.4 ± 3.8a

87.9 ± 3.3a

1

0.2

61.3 ± 3.3a

90.3 ± 6.0a

1

0.5

100a

100a

1

1.5

100a

100a

1

2

100a

100a

  1. One-way ANOVA of percentage apoptotic cells compared with single treatment by melphalan at 1 × IC50 in cancer cells
  2. aSignificant difference (P < 0.001)
  3. bNon-significant difference (P ≥ 0.001)