Table 3 Risk of bias assessment of the included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool
From: Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for stroke modifiable risk factors: a systematic review
Author, Country, Publication year | Stroke risk factor | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lin et al. [18], China, 2004 | (Primary) Hypertension | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear |
Li [19], China, 2005 | (Primary) Hypertension | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
Ye et al. [20], China, 2009 | (Primary) Hypertension | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear |
Zhao et al. [21], China, 2010 | (Primary) Hypertension | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
Zhong et al. [22], China, 2011 | (Primary) Hypertension | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Yang et al. [23], Taiwan, 2012 | (Uncontrolled primary) Hypertension | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | High risk |
Tong et al. [24], China, 2013 | Hypertension | Low risk | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear |
Wu et al. [25], China, 2014 | (Primary) Hypertension | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Li et al. [26], China, 2010 | (Isolated systolic) Hypertension | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear |
Chen et al. [27], China, 2012 | (Polarized) Hypertension | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High risk |
Gong et al. [28], China, 2010 | Hypertension with cardiac damage | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear |
Xu et al. [29], China, 2013 | Hypertension, hypertension with diabetes, hypertension with coronary heart disease | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | High risk |
Chao et al. [30], China, 2009 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Ji et al. [31], China, 2013 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Tong et al. [32], China, 2013 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear | Unclear |
Tu et al. [33], China, 2013 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Wu & Fan [34], China, 2014 | Type 2 diabetes | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
Cai et al. [35], China, 2015 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Lian et al. [36], China, 2015 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Zhang et al. [37], China, 2015 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear |
Hu et al. [38], China, 2016 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Li et al. [39], China, 2016 | Type 2 diabetes | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Wang et al. [40], China, 1997 | Hyperlipidemia | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Yang et al. [41], China, 2006 | Hyperlipemia | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | High risk |
Ai et al. [42], China, 2009 | Hyperlipemia | High risk | High risk | High risk | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | High risk |
Xu et al. [43], China, 2009 | Hyperlipemia | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear |
Hu et al. [44], Hong Kong, 2014 | Hyperlipemia | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
Moriarty et al. [45], USA & China, 2014 | Hyperlipemia | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Heber et al. [46], USA, 1999 | Hyperlipidemia | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
Lin et al. [47], Taiwan, 2005 | Hyperlipidemia | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
Wei et al. [48], China, 2008 | Impaired glucose tolerance | High risk | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear |
Gao et al. [49], China, 2013 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Fang et al. [50], China, 2014 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Lian et al. [51], China, 2014 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Huang et al. [52], China, 2016 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | Low risk | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Shi et al. [53], China, 2016 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Grant et al. [54], Australia, 2013 | Impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | High risk |
Pan et al. [55], China, 2005 | Obesity | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | High risk |
Zhou et al. [56], China, 2014 | Obesity | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear |
Lenon et al. [57], Australia, 2012 | Obesity | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Hioki et al. [58], Japan, 2004 | Obesity and impaired glucose tolerance | Low risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | High risk |
Gao & Hu [59], China, 2006 | Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia | Unclear | Unclear | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Poppel et al. [60], Netherlands, 2015 | Hyperlipidemia and hypertension | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |
Chu et al. [61], China, 2011 | Metabolic syndrome | High risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Chen et al. [62], China, 2013 | Hypertension and metabolic syndrome | Low risk | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | Low risk | Unclear |
Azushima et al. [63], Japan, 2015 | Hypertension and obesity | Low risk | Unclear | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | High risk |