Table 2 Based on the chemical composition, common tonics can be divided into following several categories
Category | Specific tonics |
|---|---|
Saponin | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. |
| Â | Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. |
| Â | Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. |
| Â | Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Trautv. |
| Â | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. |
| Â | Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. |
| Â | Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. |
| Â | Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. |
| Â | Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. |
| Â | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
| Â | Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. |
| Â | Ziziphus jujuba Mill. |
|  | Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent. |
| Â | Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. |
| Â | Ligustrum lucidum W.T.Aiton |
Coumarin | Psoralea corylifolia L. |
| Â | Clinopodium megalanthum (Diels) C.Y.Wu & S.J.Hsuan ex H.W.Li |
| Â | Lycium chinense Mill. |
| Â | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. |
| Â | Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. |
| Â | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. |
| Â | Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge |
Flavonoids | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. |
| Â | Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge |
| Â | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. |
| Â | Eucommia ulmoides Oliver |
| Â | Psoralea corylifolia L. |
| Â | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. |
| Â | Cuscuta chinensis Lam. |
| Â | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
| Â | Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser |
| Â | Dendrobium nobile Lindl. |
Alkaloids | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
| Â | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. |
| Â | Cistanche deserticola Ma |
| Â | Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce |
| Â | Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow |
| Â | Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton |
| Â | Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. |
| Â | Cuscuta chinensis Lam. |
| Â | Dendrobium nobile Lindl. |
| Â | Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux |
| Â | Lilium brownii var.viridulum Baker |
Volatile oils | Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. |
| Â | Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. |
| Â | Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels |
| Â | Clinopodium megalanthum (Diels) C.Y. Wu & Hsuan ex H.W. |
| Â | Psoralea corylifolia L. |
| Â | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. |
| Â | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
Amino acids | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. |
| Â | Stachys geobombycis C.Y.Wu |
| Â | Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. |
| Â | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. |
| Â | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey |
| Â | Trigonella foenum-graecum L. |
| Â | Lycium chinense Mill. |
Polysaccharides | Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge |
| Â | Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. |
|  | Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté |
| Â | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. |
Other | Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson |
| Â | Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid. |
| Â | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. |
| Â | Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. |
| Â | Eucommia ulmoides Oliver |