From: Application of metabolomics in toxicity evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines
TCM | Toxicity | Animals | Samples | Metabolomic technology | Data analysis | Metabolic pathways | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Triptolide | Reproduction toxicity | Mice | Serum, testis | GC–MS | PLS-DA | Lipid metabolism, energy metabolism | [85] |
Cinnabar | Neurotoxicity | Rats | Brain | 1H NMR | PCA | Glutamate metabolism, membrane disruption, energy metabolism, oxidative injury | [87] |
Kunsui Radix | Inflammation, irritation to the skin, tumor-promotion | Rats | Urine | 1H NMR | PCA | Tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaerobic glycolysis, amino acids metabolism | [89] |
Coptidis Rhizome | Diarrhea | Rats | Serum, urine | 1H NMR, GC–MS | PCA, OPLS-DA | Gut microflora metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acids metabolism | [90] |
Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet | Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity | Rats | Urine | 1H NMR | PCA, PLS-DA | Energy metabolism, choline metabolism, amino acid metabolism, gut flora disorder | [92] |
Zhusha Anshen Wan | Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity | Rats | Serum, urine | 1H NMR | PLS-DA | Energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, choline metabolism | [93] |
Shuanghuanglian injection | Hemolytic anemia | Dogs | Serum | 1H NMR | PCA | Cell membranes metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, gut microflora metabolism | [95] |