Table 1 Differential proteomics in exploring the action mechanisms of TCMs

Cancers

 Osteosarcomas

Bufalin

Heat shock 27 kDa protein

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[6]

 T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia

2-β-d-Glucopyranosyloxy-1-hydroxytrideca-5,7,9,11-tetrayne

Mitochondrial function (Parkinson disease protein 7, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 and peroxiredoxin 3) and cell death (BH3 interacting domain death agonist and Lamin-B1 protein)

2-DE, MALDI-MS/MS and LC–ESI–MS/MS

[7]

 Thyroid cancer

Honokiol

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, tubulin alpha-1A chain, alpha-enolase, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen

2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[8]

 Hepatocarcinoma

Oridonin

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1, serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein, translationally-controlled tumor protein, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1, inorganic pyrophosphatase, trifunctional purine, chromobox protein homolog 1, glycyl-tRNA synthetase, poly(rC)-binding protein 1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[9]

 Multiple myeloma

Oridonin

Stathmin, dihydrofolate reductase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1β

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[10]

 Gastric cancer

β-Elemene

Bcl-2-associated transcription factor 1, Bcl-rambo, p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1, S100 calcium binding protein A10, etc.

iTRAQ and LC–MS/MS

[11]

 Glioblastoma

β-Asarone

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (H) isoform CRA b, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleo-protein A2/B1 isoform CRA a, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, cathepsin D

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS/MS

[12]

 Lung cancer

Triptolide

Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, spliceosome, mRNA surveillance pathway

iTRAQ and Nano LC–MS/MS

[13]

β-Elemene

Peroxiredoxin-1

2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[14]

Cardiocerebrovascular diseases

 Cardiovascular disorders (antiplatelet)

Notoginsengnosides

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, thrombospondin 1, thioredoxin, Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase, Parkinson disease protein 7, peroxiredoxin 3, thioredoxin-like protein 2, ribonuclease inhibitor, myosin regulatory light chain 9, tubulin alpha 6, laminin receptor 1, potassium channel subfamily V member 2

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[15]

Salvianolic acids

LIM domain protein CLP-36, copine I, myosin regulatory light chain 9, coronin-1B, heat shock 70 kDa protein 2, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8, heat shock 70 kDa protein 9, peroxiredoxin 3, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, fibrinogen gamma polypeptide, cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain 2C, aminopeptidase P 1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[16]

Salvianolic acid B

Integrin α2β1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[17]

Olive oil

γ-Actin, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1, annexin A5, integrin αIIb, protein disulphide isomerase-related protein 5, fibrinogen gamma chain precursor, syntaxin-7, serine/threonine protein phosphatase

2-DE and LC–ESI–MS

[18]

Rhizoma Corydalis

P2Y purinoceptor 12, Gαi signalling pathways

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[19]

Dehydrocorydaline, canadine

P2Y purinoceptor 1, 12 (dehydrocorydaline); G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (canadine)

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS/MS

[20]

 Cerebral IR injury

Tetrandrine

78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, Parkinson disease protein 7 and hypoxia up-regulated protein 1

2-D DIGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[21]

Bu-Yang Huan-Wu Decoction

Albumin, fibrinogen alpha chain, transferrin, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II alpha chain, glycogen synthase kinase 3, microtubule-associated protein tau, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G (i), GDP dissociation inhibitor and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

iTRAQ and LC–MS/MS

[22]

Tao-Hong Si-Wu Decoction

Superoxide dismutase [Cu–Zn], sulfiredoxin, glutathione S-transferase alpha-2, glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1, heme oxygenase 1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[23]

 Cardiac IR injury

Salvianolic acids, notoginsengnosides

Protein disulfide-isomerase, myosin light polypeptide 3, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (SAs); apolipoprotein A-I, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein, 60 kDa heat shock protein, prohibitin (NG)

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[24]

Liver diseases

 Liver injury

Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang

Zinc finger protein 407, haptoglobin, macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, transthyretin, vitamin D-binding protein, prothrombin

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[25]

 Liver fibrosis

Fu-Zheng Hua-Yu Recipe

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1, vimentin isoform CRA b, gamma-actin, vimentin, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B, Aldo–keto reductase family 1 member D1, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase isoform, Heat shock protein 90

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[26]

Fu-Zheng Hua-Yu Recipe

Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3, cytochrome P450 2B1 and cytochrome P450 3A18 in retinol metabolism pathway

iTRAQ and LC–MS/MS

[27]

Bupleurum marginatum Wall.ex DC

Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase, adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1, thioredoxin 1, acyl-CoA oxidase 2, glycogenin 1, alpha serine/threonine kinase, acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 1, carbonyl reductase family member 4

iTRAQ and LC–MS/MS

[28]

Wound healing

 Skin trauma

Radix Angelicae Sinensis

Triosephosphate isomerase, microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member1, nucleoside diphosphate kinase B, glutathione S-transferase P, translationally-controlled tumor protein, peroxiredoxin, Parkinson disease protein 7, annexin A2

2-DE and LC–MS/MS

[29]

Radix Lithospermi

Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member1, chloride intracellular channel protein 1, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, phosphorylated signal protein P38, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1

2-DE and LC–MS/MS

[30]

Agrimonia pilosa, Nelumbo nucifera, Boswellia carteri, pollen typhae (ANBP)

β-2-Glycoprotein 1, histidinerich glycoprotein, myosin family, keratin, extracellular matrix proteins

iTRAQ, HPLC and LC–MS/MS

[31]

Radix Astragali, Radix Rehmanniae

Annexin A1, annexin A2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF–MS

[32]

Diabetes

 T2DM

Yi-Qi-Yang-Yin-Hua-Tan-Qu-Yu Recipe

Cell division control protein 42 homolog, Ras homolog gene family member A

iTRAQ, 2D LC–MS/MS

[33]

Xiaoke Pill

Angiotensinogen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, paraoxonase and fibulin

iTRAQ, MRM, 2D-LC, MALDI TOF/TOF–MS

[34]

Kaempferitrin

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, low-density lipoprotein receptor, C-type mannose receptor 2, adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1, Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1

Dimethyl peptide labeling,

LC–MS/MS

[35]

TCM deficiency syndrome

 Kidney-yin deficiency syndrome

Liu-Wei Di-Huang Granule

Retinol binding protein 4, transthyretin, apolipoprotein, Complement C4-B

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[36]

 Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome

Jin-Kui Shen-qi Pill

Wnt signaling pathway, adherens junction, neurotrophin signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

iTRAQ-LC–MS/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-HDMS

[37]

 Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome

Zhi-Bai Di-Huang Granule

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, complement C1q subcomponent, mannose-binding protein C, l-selectin, plasminogen and kininogen-1

iTRAQ and 2D LC–MS/MS

[38]

Other diseases

 Hyperlipidemia

Yin-Chen Wu-Ling Powder

Apolipoprotein E, serum albumin, transthyretin and vitamin D-binding protein; T-kininogen, complement C3, C4, C4b-binding protein alpha chain, Igλ-2 chainC, mannose-binding protein C, hemopexin and fibrinogen-like protein 1

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[39]

 Obesity

Taeumjowi-tang

Fatty acid synthetase, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl CoA carboxylase pathway

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[40]

 Depression

Shen-Zhi-Ling tablet

Von Willebrand factor, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein C-III

label-free and LC–MS/MS

[41]

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Bu-Fei Yi-Shen formula

Oxidative stress and focal adhesion pathway

iTRAQ and Nano LC–MS/MS

[42]

 Fever

Bai-Hu-Tang

F-actin, coronin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, major histocompatibility complex class I

iTRAQ and LC–MS

[43]

 Aging

Red ginseng

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, heat shock 70 kDa protein, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

2-DE and MALDI-TOF–MS

[44]