Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations

Du, Huan; Kuang, Ting-ting; Qiu, Shuang; Xu, Tong; Gang Huan, Chen-Lei; Fan, Gang; Zhang, Yi

doi:10.1186/s13020-019-0253-x

Table 2 Fecal medicines used in other traditional ethnic medicine (EM) systems in China

From: Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations

No.	Animal species	Medicinal form	Traditional medical systems	Traditional uses (treated diseases)	Refs.
1	Gypaetus barbatus L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM and mongolian EM	Dyspepsia, abdominal distension, intestinal tumor, gastric ulcer, weak gastrointestinal function, sores and carbuncles	[2, 4, 6]
1	Aegypius monachus L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM and mongolian EM		[2, 4, 6]
2	Sus scrofa L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM and mongolian EM	Dyspepsia, biliary diseases, plague and distending pain of stomach	[6, 36, 59]
3	Sus scrofa domestica Brisson	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Dyspepsia, plague and biliary tumor	[4, 36, 60]
4	Petaurista xanthotis Milne-Edwards	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Stomach pain, amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea	[59, 60]
5	Pteromys volans L.	Dry feces	Oroqen EM	Dysentery and diarrhea	[60]
			Kazak EM	Metrorrhagia, amenorrhea, and snake bites (external use)	[60]
			Uygur EM	Eczema, itching, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, stomach pain, and traumatic injury	[61]
6	Riparia riparia L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Bloody dysentery, chronic diarrhea, women amenorrhea, and hematuria	[59, 60]
7	Felis ocreata domestica Brisson	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Manic psychosis or madness	[36, 60]
8	Upupa epops L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Psychopathy	[4, 59]
9	Vulpes vulpes L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Psychopathy and epilepsy	[4, 60]
10	Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards	Dry feces	Mongolian EM	Diarrhea, gout and itching	[62]
			Nu EM	Cold, whooping cough and fever	[60]
			Tibetan EM	Stomach pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea	[59, 60]
			Tujia EM	Blood stasis, furuncles, traumatic injury, dysmenorrhea, and snake bites (external use)	[60]
			Korean EM	Stabbing pain in chest and abdomen, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, swelling and aching due to traumatic injury	[60]
			Dai EM	Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, pain due to blood stasis, and snake bites (external use)	[60]
			Yao EM	Dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and epilepsy	[63]
11	Pipistrellus abramus Temminck	Dry feces	Wa EM	Asthma, burn, night blindness, and infantile malnutrition	[60]
			Tibetan EM	Epilepsy	[4, 60]
			Tujia EM	Night blindness, cataract, infantile malnutrition, and corneal nebula	[64]
12	Vespertilio superans Thomas	Dry feces	Korean EM	Night blindness, intermittent fever, cataract, and underarm odor	[60]
12	Vespertilio superans Thomas	Dry feces	Yao EM	Night blindness, corneal nebula, infantile malnutrition, and scrofula	[63]
13	Plecotus kozlovi Bobrinski	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Eye diseases, scrofula and infantile malnutrition	[60]
14	Myotis mystacinus Kuhl	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Psychosis and epilepsy	[60]
15	Lepus capensis L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Blurred vision, hemorrhoids and fistula, and infantile malnutrition	[4, 59]
16	Equus caballus orientalis Noack	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Various parasitic diseases and vomiting	[65, 66]
17	Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson	Dry feces	Korean EM	Jaundice, gonorrhea, tetanus, and diabetes	[60]
			Tibetan EM	Eye diseases	[4, 60]
			Dai EM	Shoulder arthritis, tetanus and corneal scar	[60]
18	Rattus rattus L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Epilepsy	[59, 60]
19	Physeter macrocephalus L.	Dry feces	Uygur EM	Neurasthenia, memory loss and psychological impotence	[60]
20	Passer montanus L.	Dry feces	Jino EM	Manic psychosis or madness	[60]
			Hani EM	Hernia	[60]
			Tibetan EM	Sores and furuncles (external use)	[59, 60]
21	Columba rupestris Pallas	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Swelling and suppuration	[2, 60]
22	Pavo muticus L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Inflammation	[4, 36, 59]
23	Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Food poisoning, limbs pain, and spasm	[4, 36, 59]
24	Canis lupus L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM and mongolian EM	Psychopathy and swelling	[4, 59]
25	Tetraogallus tibetanus Gould	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Various swelling	[2, 36]
26	Bubo bubo hemachalana Hume	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Psychopathy and epilepsy	[4, 59, 67]
27	Pica pica L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Skin diseases, such as sores and furuncles	[59, 60]
28	Streptopelia orientalis Latham	Dry feces	Uygur EM	Purulent secretion of the ear; Pain caused by ear diseases	[61]
29	Corvus corax L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Bromhidrosis, epilepsy, cough, and psychopathy	[59, 60]
30	Canis lupus familiaris L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Psychopathy and swelling; Syphilis, psoriasis and anthracnose (external use)	[4, 59, 60]
31	Elephas maximus L.	Dry feces	Dai EM	Ophthalmitis	[60]
32	Equus asinus L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Sores and furuncles (external use) and rabies	[4, 59]
33	Phalacrocorax carbo L.	Dry feces	Korean EM	Pigmented naevus (external use)	[60]
34	Buteo hemilasius Temminck et Schlegel	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Sores and furuncles (external use)	[4, 59]
35	Macaca mulatta Zimmermann	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Inflammation, swelling and dysentery	[59, 60]
36	Ovis aries L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	“Huang-Shui” disease in arms and legs (external fumigation)	[59, 60]
37	Capra hircus L.	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Heat toxin syndrome, nervous system diseases and leprosy	[4, 60]
37	Capra hircus L.	Dry feces	Korean EM	Child dysentery, borborygmus and convulsive epilepsy	[60]
38	Tetrao urogalloides Middendorf	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Psychopathy and swelling	[4]
39	Lutra lutra L.	Processed feces	Tibetan EM	Uterine diseases	[4, 60]
40	Moschus sifanicus Przewalski	Dry feces	Tibetan EM	Limb numbness, paralysis and blood stasis	[4, 36, 59]

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