Fig. 2
From: Specific DNA identification of Pheretima in the Naoxintong capsule
Species-specific primers for amplifying Pheretima in NXTC. In the nine batches of NXTCfrom the company, DNA was amplified using (a) primers MF2R2, the species-specific primers for Metaphire genus. For (b) primers AF3R1, the species-specific primers for Amynthas genus, no amplification was obtained. Seven batches of homemade-NXTCs were made, respectively with the identified crude drugs of Pheretima numbered P6, P4, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15 for each batch. Pheretima-deficient NXTC (T40) was made as the negative control and the identified samples of genuine species (P3: M. vulgaris, P4: M. guillelmi and P6: A. aspergillus) were used as positive control. M:DNA ladders, N:PCR without DNA template