Application of delayed luminescence measurements for the identification of herbal materials: a step toward rapid quality control

Table 1 The authentic herbal materials and their corresponding nonauthentic herbal materials

No	Authentic herbal materials	The corresponding nonauthentic herbal materials	Similarities	References
1	Cyperi rhizoma (Cyperus rotundus L.)	Semiaquilegiae radix (Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino)	Morphological appearance; color	[24]
2	Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)	Aucklandiae radix (Aucklandia lappa Decne.)	Morphological appearance; characteristics	[25]
3	Pulsatillae radix (Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel)	Rhapontici radix (Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC.)	Morphological appearance; color	[26]
4	Ginseng radix et rhizoma (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)	Phytolaccae radix (Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.)	Morphological appearance; color; Chinese name	[27, 28]
4	Ginseng radix et rhizoma (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)	Glehniae radix (Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq.)	Morphological appearance; color; Chinese name	[27, 28]
5	Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.)	Dipsaci radix (Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry)	Morphological appearance; color	[29, 30]
6	Peucedani radix (Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn)	Saposhnikoviae radix (Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.)	Morphological appearance; characteristics	[31]