Fig. 10From: Protective effects of essential oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet on retinal Müller gliosis via the PPAR-γ-p-CREB signaling pathwayScheme of mechanisms underlying the retinal protective effects of EOFAZ on DR. High glucose increases p-CaMK II-controlled p-CREB via the PPAR-γ inhibition. CREB activation stimulates GFAP and VEGF accumulation in the retina, thereby causing retinal glia gliosis and angiogenesis, and finally leading to DR. EOFAZ could attenuate the progression of DR by activating PPAR-γ and inhibiting CaMK II and CREB phosphorylationBack to article page