Fig. 6

Effects of JSD on the PKCα/PI3K/Akt and NF-κB/α-SMA signaling pathways in the kidney tissues of DN mice. Relative levels of phosphorylated the Akt-Ser473, IRS-Ser307, PI3K p85, iNOS, COX-2, I-κBα, and NF-κB p65 proteins were determined with total and phosphorylated forms or β-actin for normalization determined by western blotting. Normal, normal group; Control, STZ-induced DN control group; JSD-100, 100 mg/kg JSD-administered group; JSD-500, 500 mg/kg JSD-administered group; and Met-250, 250 mg/kg metformin-administered group. Data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (n = 7). *p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01, the control group vs. the normal group (a) and the JSD-100, JSD-500 and Met-250 groups vs. the control group (b)