Fig. 4

Serum and urine metabolic shifts over time for Biqi and LEF groups. a PCA plots for serum and urine samples at baseline, 4, 12 and 24 weeks for patients receiving Biqi or LEF treatment respectively. Samples were colored by timepoints. The ellipses represent 95% confidence interval for samples within each timepoint. b Volcano plots showing differentially abundant serum and urine metabolites comparing 24 weeks versus baseline for Biqi and LEF-treated patients. c Venn diagrams comparing serum and urine metabolites up and down-regulated at 24 weeks versus baseline for Biqi and LEF groups. d Top serum and urine metabolites that were commonly downregulated in Biqi and LEF groups