Fig. 3

Effects of uvaol on pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration (a), mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory mediators (b–c) in colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. Colitis was induced in all groups except the control group. Uvaol was administered to mice from day 8 to day 14. On day 14, the mice were sacrificed, and mRNA expression and production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in colon tissues were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Pro-inflammatory macrophages in colon tissues were stained by F4/80 (magnification of 20 × for representative F4/80 staining images). Integrated optical density(IOD)were analyzed by Image pro-Plus v.6.0. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7.^###P < 0.001,^##P < 0.01 and ^#P < 0.05, compared with control group; ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05, compared with DSS group