Fig. 1

Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment alleviated repeated alcohol-induced cognitive deficits. a A schematic illustration of the experimental manipulation. b chemical structure of ginsenoside Rg1. c The open field test showed that Rg1 pretreatment decreased RAE-induced psychomotor response. d The object location recognition test demonstrated that the impaired recognition ability was recovered after Rg1 treatment. e–g Mice received Rg1 pretreatment showed better spatial navigation and orientation abilities in the reference learning and memory retention tasks. (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with alcohol group; n = 8 per group)