Fig. 5
From: Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates repeated alcohol exposure-induced psychomotor and cognitive deficits
A schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism by which ginsenoside Rg1 alleviated repeated alcohol-induced cognitive deficits. Repeated alcohol exposure results in glutamate spillover and over-activation of extrasynaptic NR2B-containing NMDARs in the hippocampus. Activated extrasynaptic NMDARs initiates calpain-2/STEP/p38 excitotoxic cascade and leads to pathological changes of neurons in the hippocampus. Rg1 pretreatment can effectively ameliorate cognitive deficits via suppressing extrasynaptic NMDARs-mediated excitotoxic assaults