Table 3 Quality consistency evaluation with spectral evaluation technology

Lonicerae japonicae Flos

NIRS

Multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) model, PCA

[67]

Cefazolin sodium pentahydrate

Cephathiamidine

NIRS

One-way analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis

[68]

Ramulus cinnamomi

Microscale thermophoresis

On-line NIR-HPLC

Sipls, PLS model

[69]

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets

NIR-CI

Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares

[73]

Yinhuang dispersible tablets

NIR-CI

Basic analysis of correlation between analytes

[74]

Coptis

NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

MSC, PLS, ANN

[75]

Rukuaixiao tablets

N/MIR diffuse reflectance spectral imaging

Correlation analysis method

[108]

Compound Liquorice tablets

NIR-CI

Basic analysis of correlation between analytes, PCA

[109]

Flos Lonicera japonica

NIR-CI

Basic analysis of correlation between analytes, moving block macropixel relative standard deviation

[110]

Shenzhiling oral Liquid

NIRS

PLSR, support vector machine regression (SVMR)

[111]

Wangbi tablets

NIRS

CARS-PLSR model

[112]

Flos Lonicerae Japonicae

NIRS

Synergy interval PLS (Si-GA-PLS)

[113]

Acetaminophen, SiO₂, MCC, HPMC

Low-resolution Raman spectra

PCA, PLS

[79]

Entecavir tablets

Raman spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric

Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)

[80]

Atropine sulfate

LC–MS/MS, Raman-CI, X-ray powder diffraction

SA

[82]

Cinnabar

Surface-enhanced Raman spectrum

Curve fitting

[83]

Artemisia annua L.

Laser Raman spectroscopy

Curve fitting

[114]

Cornu Caprae Hircus

Raman spectra,

PLS, HCA

[115]

Brufen, Glucosamine, Glucosamine, Paracetamol

LIBS

PCA, SIMCA

[86]

Blumea balsamifera DC

LIBS

PCA, PLS-DA model

[87]

Renqing Mangjue, Renqing Changjue, 25-herb coral Pills, 25-herb pearl Pills

LIBS

National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)

[88]

Juncus effusus L.

LIBS

Elemental microanalysis

[89]

An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan

LIBS

RCCR, MWSD

[90, 91]

Ligusticum wallichii

LIBS

Multiple linear regression models

[92]

Angelica pubescens

Codonopsis pilosula

Ligusticum wallichii

LIBS

PCA, ANN, LDA

[93]

Sustained-release felodipine tablets

SR-μCT

Data visualization

[98]

Captopril osmotic pump tablets

SR-μCT

Data visualization

[99]

Advicor

First and third derivative UV spectrophotometry

H-point standard addition method

[102]

Qingkailing injection

UV spectra

LS-SVM

[103]

Propolis

NIRS, HPTLC, FLD

PLS-R, HCA, OPLS-DA

[107]

San-Huang tablets

Spectral quantitative fingerprinting (UV, FT-IR, CH)

SQFM

[116]