Table 1 Pharmacokinetic parameters of circulating alkaloids and saponins in rats after receiving a 30-min infusion of Kang-Ai injection at 6 mL/kg

A1^#

4.33 ± 2.18

15.06 ± 3.58

68.61 ± 9.85

1.58 ± 0.36

9.85 ± 2.47

36.55 ± 4.24

0.57 ± 0.09

57.40 ± 4.88

0.90 ± 0.17

92.67 ± 6.81

A2

1.78 ± 1.55

169.87 ± 27.36

257.67 ± 30.97

12.31 ± 1.62

25.20 ± 14.82

51.92 ± 8.98

6.34 ± 1.21

38.60 ± 11.22

4.75 ± 1.53

91.15 ± 4.95

A3^#

2.73 ± 1.16

422.70 ± 55.50

502.71 ± 93.02

111.34 ± 18.49

220.11 ± 53.82

28.96 ± 3.69

31.95 ± 4.76

63.83 ± 2.28

70.85 ± 10.40

93.24 ± 6.52

B1

–

–

–

–

–

30.40 ± 3.79

–

–

–

–

B2

1.64 ± 0.26

2363.99 ± 251.85

4523.65 ± 464.66

28.39 ± 2.85

64.88 ± 10.23

8.79 ± 1.29

2.49 ± 0.35

17.12 ± 3.13

4.84 ± 0.84

12.35 ± 1.02

B3

0.33 ± 0.13

54.75 ± 10.23

34.29 ± 5.22

206.96 ± 36.55

91.99 ± 21.98

32.61 ± 3.00

67.06 ± 10.52

2.60 ± 0.69

5.25 ± 1.10

11.04 ± 0.86

B4

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

63.43 ± 11.75

–

–

B5

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

51.36 ± 7.44

–

–

C1

0.44 ± 0.39

140.43 ± 20.40

91.16 ± 4.77

198.38 ± 16.38

93.62 ± 45.64

9.71 ± 0.98

19.27 ± 2.44

9.59 ± 1.68

18.97 ± 3.34

46.32 ± 5.03

C2

–

–

–

–

–

24.20 ± 4.93

–

23.37 ± 7.94

–

–

C3

0.29 ± 0.12

128.03 ± 13.27

85.57 ± 10.54

255.80 ± 34.97

99.30 ± 20.42

23.55 ± 1.97

59.94 ± 6.71

10.27 ± 2.49

25.62 ± 3.48

35.24 ± 2.85

C4

–

–

–

–

–

67.93 ± 8.80

–

24.46 ± 3.37

–

–

C5

9.77 ± 13.75

230.90 ± 17.45

192.29 ± 42.13

157.78 ± 74.80

791.61 ± 713.90

20.76 ± 3.37

30.75 ± 17.04

2.23 ± 0.61

3.31 ± 1.86

26.54 ± 3.28

C6

1.20 ± 1.23

1565.45 ± 174.98

1517.34 ± 263.46

156.65 ± 30.66

144.15 ± 64.23

20.71 ± 3.62

33.27 ± 12.03

39.79 ± 5.88

62.25 ± 14.38

86.35 ± 7.32

C7

0.63 ± 0.31

943.15 ± 171.83

674.18 ± 89.61

109.50 ± 15.38

50.05 ± 7.85

13.12 ± 1.68

14.48 ± 3.46

17.77 ± 3.90

19.33 ± 4.45

60.23 ± 7.01

C8

0.75 ± 0.16

121.07 ± 21.08

133.10 ± 17.03

72.70 ± 6.63

71.71 ± 14.31

12.00 ± 1.57

8.73 ± 1.49

72.12 ± 13.01

51.84 ± 5.77

90.36 ± 4.22

C9

1.07 ± 0.84

1338.77 ± 88.07

1000.55 ± 62.12

156.32 ± 11.64

100.55 ± 26.96

28.27 ± 4.16

44.03 ± 5.77

29.54 ± 6.03

46.03 ± 9.04

87.36 ± 6.59

D1

–

–

–

–

–

7.46 ± 2.11

–

–

–

–

D2

5.84 ± 3.13

766.17 ± 57.86

1696.75 ± 124.20

5.83 ± 0.67

35.69 ± 11.39

5.55 ± 1.02

0.33 ± 0.08

19.00 ± 5.33

1.11 ± 0.32

0.75 ± 0.08

D3

6.29 ± 3.17

877.14 ± 39.49

2165.94 ± 186.38

5.60 ± 1.41

37.81 ± 10.15

–

–

10.48 ± 1.31

0.58 ± 0.15

1.12 ± 0.12

D4

4.12 ± 0.83

301.33 ± 34.23

698.17 ± 105.74

7.80 ± 1.14

39.58 ± 7.30

–

–

27.80 ± 4.47

2.14 ± 0.27

0.67 ± 0.05

D5

7.22 ± 7.03

497.21 ± 75.11

1536.70 ± 223.18

6.16 ± 1.57

46.96 ± 19.87

–

–

6.41 ± 1.47

0.38 ± 0.09

0.96 ± 0.09

E1

–

–

–

–

–

27.80 ± 7.01

–

–

–

–

E2

–

–

–

–

–

46.95 ± 6.46

–

–

–

–

E3

–

–

–

–

–

31.31 ± 6.25

–

–

–

–

E4

–

–

–

–

–

29.36 ± 3.14

–

–

–

–

A4

–

–

–

–

–

11.14 ± 1.05

–

42.80 ± 14.69

–

–

A5

2.15 ± 0.50

264.42 ± 47.19

380.06 ± 117.01

26.77 ± 11.13

55.47 ± 6.92

10.30 ± 1.11

2.68 ± 0.82

37.56 ± 15.13

10.99 ± 8.12

–

A6

2.16 ± 1.28

344.22 ± 40.74

509.97 ± 93.65

47.70 ± 10.72

93.63 ± 24.86

12.50 ± 1.32

5.86 ± 1.10

12.92 ± 4.98

6.23 ± 2.97

–

A7

5.73 ± 1.74

202.37 ± 19.05

777.15 ± 81.47

20.03 ± 4.84

150.70 ± 19.02

7.30 ± 1.41

1.42 ± 0.17

61.05 ± 10.61

12.32 ± 4.14

–

A8

2.32 ± 1.03

421.27 ± 68.11

567.07 ± 114.95

7.93 ± 1.77

16.89 ± 5.16

34.12 ± 4.23

2.67 ± 0.46

15.28 ± 5.11

1.23 ± 0.50

–

A9

0.82 ± 0.37

396.86 ± 49.71

486.66 ± 132.17

56.05 ± 22.70

53.50 ± 7.71

1.27 ± 0.20

0.68 ± 0.16

59.77 ± 8.80

34.24 ± 17.17

–

B6

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

74.96 ± 6.01

–

–

C10

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

40.28 ± 5.48

–

–

C11

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

48.30 ± 10.27

–

–

C12

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

36.16 ± 7.04

–

–

C13

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

38.72 ± 6.57

–

–