From: Recent advance in treatment of osteoarthritis by bioactive components from herbal medicine
No. | Herbal compounds | In vivo | in Vitro |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside | 10–50 mg/kg (rat) [60] | 10–400 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [60] |
2 | Acetylshikonin | 5 mg/kg (rat) [86] | 3 μM (chondrocyte) [86] |
3 | Anemonin | 2 mg/kg (mouse) [49] | 10 μM (chondrocyte) [49] |
 |  |  | 10 μM (cartilage explant) [49] |
4 | Arasaponin R1 | Â | 125Â mg/l (chondrocyte) [41] |
5 | Artesunate | Â | |
6 | Astragaloside IV | Â | |
 |  |  | 50 µg/ml (chondrocyte) [73] |
7 | Berberine | 10–50 mg/kg (rat) [17] | 20–100 μM (OA synovial fibroblasts) [17] |
 |  | ||
 |  | 7–28 μg/kg (rat) [69] | 25–100 μM (cartilage explant) [68] |
8 | Butein | 20 mg/kg (mouse) [46] | 10–50 μM (chondrocyte) [46] |
9 | Celastrol | 1 mg/kg (rat) [84] | 0.1–1 μM (chondrocyte) [54] |
10 | Cinnamophilin |  | 5–30 μM (SW1353 cell) [30] |
11 | Compound K |  | 0.01–10 μM (MC3T3-E1 cell) [37] |
12 | Coptisine |  | 2.5-10 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [44] |
13 | Crocin | 5–100 μM/0.3 ml (rabbit) [43] | 50–100 μM (chondrocyte) [43] |
 |  | 30 mg/kg (rat) [110] |  |
14 | Cryptotanshinone | 10 mg/kg (mouse) [29] | 5–20 μM (chondrocyte) [29] |
15 | Curcumin | 50 μM (mouse) [15] | 10 μM (THP-1 cell) [15] |
 |  | ||
 |  | 200 mg/kg (rat) [96] | 40 μM (synoviocyte) [97] |
16 | Emodin | 5–25 μM/50 µl (rat) [39] | |
17 | Ferulic acid |  | 40 μM (chondrocyte) [55] |
18 | Gastrodin | 100 μg/kg (rat) [51] | 10–50 μM (chondrocyte) [51] |
19 | Geniposide | 40 mg/kg (rabbit) [31] | 80 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [31] |
20 | Genistein | 0.3–0.5 mg/kg (rabbit) [58] |  |
21 | Ginsenoside Rb1 | 80 μM/0.3 ml (rat) [76] | 20–80 μM (SW1353 cell) [76] |
 |  | 300 μM/200 μl (rat) [87] |  |
22 | Ginsenoside Rg5 | 10–15 mg/kg (rat) [74] |  |
23 | Halofuginone | Â | |
24 | Harpagoside |  | 300 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [32] |
25 | Honokiol |  | 2.5–10 μM (chondrocyte) [50] |
26 | Icariin | 10–40 ng/ml (rat) [9] | |
 |  | 20 μM (rat) [16] | 12.5 mg/l (chondrocyte) [41] |
 |  | 1–6 g/kg (rabbit) [40] | 12 μg/ml (SW1353 cell) [92] |
 |  | 0.5–1 μM (OA fibroblast-like synoviocyte) [95] | |
27 | Isofraxidin | 20Â mg/kg (mouse) [34] | |
28 | Kaempferol |  | 25–100 µM (chondrocyte) [47] |
29 | Licochalcone A |  | 5–20 µM (chondrocyte) [36] |
30 | Magnoflorine | 50 ng/2 μl (pig) [23] | 25 μg/ml (MC3T3-E1 cell) [23] |
31 | Naringin | 100 mg/kg (mouse) [42] | 5 µM (chondrocyte) [42] |
 |  | 5–10 mg/kg (rat) [106] |  |
32 | Paeonol | 20 mg/kg (rat) [56] | 50 µM (chondrocyte) [56] |
 |  | 0.2–0.8 mg/kg (rabbit) [71] |  |
33 | Piperine |  | 10–100 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [45] |
34 | Psoralen | 1 mg/kg (rat) [22] | 10 µM (chondrocyte) [22] |
 |  |  | 10 µM (synoviocyte) [22] |
 |  |  | 10−6 mol/l (chondrocyte) [75] |
35 | Puerarin | 25–50 mg/kg (mouse) [53] | 50 nM (chondrocyte) [53] |
 |  |  | |
36 | Quercetin | 25 μM (chondrocyte) [21] | |
 |  | 25 mg/kg (rabbit) [98] |  |
37 | Resveratrol | 50 μM (SW1353 cell) [12] | |
 |  | ||
 |  | 1–5 μM (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) [63] | |
 |  | 10–100 μg/8 μl (mouse) [77] |  |
38 | Shikonin | 10 mg/kg (rat) [35] | 50 μM (chondrocyte) [86] |
39 | Sinomenine | 2 mg/kg (rabbit) [99] | 10–250 μM (chondrocyte) [72] |
 |  | 5 mg/0.2 ml (rabbit) [102] | 10–250 μM (cartilage explant) [72] |
 |  |  | 0.25 mM (mesenchymal stem cell) [93] |
40 | Tectorigenin | 0.75–1.5 μg/kg (rat) [48] | 50–100 μM (chondrocyte) [48] |
41 | Tetramethylpyrazine | ||
 |  | 2.1 mg/0.1 ml (rat) [80] | 50–200 μM (cartilage explant) [70] |
42 | Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate |  | 25–75 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [59] |
43 | Triptolide | 0.35 μg (mouse) [107] | 20 ng/ml (THP-1 cell) [107] |