Skip to main content

Table 1 The effective doses for the experiment on anti-OA activities of the herbal compounds

From: Recent advance in treatment of osteoarthritis by bioactive components from herbal medicine

No.

Herbal compounds

In vivo

in Vitro

1

2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside

10–50 mg/kg (rat) [60]

10–400 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [60]

2

Acetylshikonin

5 mg/kg (rat) [86]

3 μM (chondrocyte) [86]

3

Anemonin

2 mg/kg (mouse) [49]

10 μM (chondrocyte) [49]

   

10 μM (cartilage explant) [49]

4

Arasaponin R1

 

125 mg/l (chondrocyte) [41]

5

Artesunate

25–300 mg/kg (rat) [57, 100]

 

6

Astragaloside IV

 

25–500 mmol/l (chondrocyte) [52, 81, 90]

   

50 µg/ml (chondrocyte) [73]

7

Berberine

10–50 mg/kg (rat) [17]

20–100 μM (OA synovial fibroblasts) [17]

  

10––200 μM/50 μl (rat) [67, 68]

25–100 μM (chondrocyte) [67,68,69]

  

7–28 μg/kg (rat) [69]

25–100 μM (cartilage explant) [68]

8

Butein

20 mg/kg (mouse) [46]

10–50 μM (chondrocyte) [46]

9

Celastrol

1 mg/kg (rat) [84]

0.1–1 μM (chondrocyte) [54]

10

Cinnamophilin

 

5–30 μM (SW1353 cell) [30]

11

Compound K

 

0.01–10 μM (MC3T3-E1 cell) [37]

12

Coptisine

 

2.5-10 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [44]

13

Crocin

5–100 μM/0.3 ml (rabbit) [43]

50–100 μM (chondrocyte) [43]

  

30 mg/kg (rat) [110]

 

14

Cryptotanshinone

10 mg/kg (mouse) [29]

5–20 μM (chondrocyte) [29]

15

Curcumin

50 μM (mouse) [15]

10 μM (THP-1 cell) [15]

  

50–100 mg/kg (mouse) [27, 65, 66]

50–100 μM (chondrocyte) [27, 28]

  

200 mg/kg (rat) [96]

40 μM (synoviocyte) [97]

16

Emodin

5–25 μM/50 µl (rat) [39]

5–30 µg/ml (chondrocyte) [38, 39]

17

Ferulic acid

 

40 μM (chondrocyte) [55]

18

Gastrodin

100 μg/kg (rat) [51]

10–50 μM (chondrocyte) [51]

19

Geniposide

40 mg/kg (rabbit) [31]

80 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [31]

20

Genistein

0.3–0.5 mg/kg (rabbit) [58]

 

21

Ginsenoside Rb1

80 μM/0.3 ml (rat) [76]

20–80 μM (SW1353 cell) [76]

  

300 μM/200 μl (rat) [87]

 

22

Ginsenoside Rg5

10–15 mg/kg (rat) [74]

 

23

Halofuginone

0.2–2.5 mg/kg (mouse) [20, 82, 91]

 

24

Harpagoside

 

300 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [32]

25

Honokiol

 

2.5–10 μM (chondrocyte) [50]

26

Icariin

10–40 ng/ml (rat) [9]

20 μM (SW1353 cell) [16, 79]

  

20 μM (rat) [16]

12.5 mg/l (chondrocyte) [41]

  

1–6 g/kg (rabbit) [40]

12 μg/ml (SW1353 cell) [92]

  

10–25 mg/kg (mouse) [78, 108]

0.5–1 μM (OA fibroblast-like synoviocyte) [95]

27

Isofraxidin

20 mg/kg (mouse) [34]

1–50 μM (chondrocyte) [33, 34]

28

Kaempferol

 

25–100 µM (chondrocyte) [47]

29

Licochalcone A

 

5–20 µM (chondrocyte) [36]

30

Magnoflorine

50 ng/2 μl (pig) [23]

25 μg/ml (MC3T3-E1 cell) [23]

31

Naringin

100 mg/kg (mouse) [42]

5 µM (chondrocyte) [42]

  

5–10 mg/kg (rat) [106]

 

32

Paeonol

20 mg/kg (rat) [56]

50 µM (chondrocyte) [56]

  

0.2–0.8 mg/kg (rabbit) [71]

 

33

Piperine

 

10–100 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [45]

34

Psoralen

1 mg/kg (rat) [22]

10 µM (chondrocyte) [22]

   

10 µM (synoviocyte) [22]

   

10−6 mol/l (chondrocyte) [75]

35

Puerarin

25–50 mg/kg (mouse) [53]

50 nM (chondrocyte) [53]

  

30–200 mg/kg (rat) [83, 88]

 

36

Quercetin

50–100 mg/kg (rat) [21, 84]

25 μM (chondrocyte) [21]

  

25 mg/kg (rabbit) [98]

 

37

Resveratrol

45 mg/kg (mouse) [12, 25]

50 μM (SW1353 cell) [12]

  

10–50 μM/kg (rabbit) [14, 61]

10–100 μM (chondrocyte) [24, 26, 62]

  

30–120 mg/kg (rabbit) [64, 109]

1–5 μM (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) [63]

  

10–100 μg/8 μl (mouse) [77]

 

38

Shikonin

10 mg/kg (rat) [35]

50 μM (chondrocyte) [86]

39

Sinomenine

2 mg/kg (rabbit) [99]

10–250 μM (chondrocyte) [72]

  

5 mg/0.2 ml (rabbit) [102]

10–250 μM (cartilage explant) [72]

   

0.25 mM (mesenchymal stem cell) [93]

40

Tectorigenin

0.75–1.5 μg/kg (rat) [48]

50–100 μM (chondrocyte) [48]

41

Tetramethylpyrazine

30–100 mg/kg (rat) [19, 89]

0.5–200 μM (chondrocyte) [13, 70]

  

2.1 mg/0.1 ml (rat) [80]

50–200 μM (cartilage explant) [70]

42

Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate

 

25–75 μg/ml (chondrocyte) [59]

43

Triptolide

0.35 μg (mouse) [107]

20 ng/ml (THP-1 cell) [107]