Fig. 6From: Systemic osteoprotective effects of Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in senile osteoporosis rats by promoting the osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis based on MLP-ANN modelEF&FLL up-regulated the expression of TGF-β1, BMP2, Wnt5a and IGF-1. a TGF-β1 mRNA was measured by qPCR analysis with β-actin as an internal control. b TGF-β1 protein was measured by WB. c serum TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA. d–f mRNA of BMP2, Wnt5a and IGF-1 was measured by qPCR with β-actin as an internal control. g–h protein of BMP2 and Wnt5a was measured by WB. i IGF protein was measured by IF and IGF-1 IOD were calculated. j Representative photographs of IGF-1 from IF-stained tibia sections (× 200). k Representative WB photographs of TGF-β1, BMP2 and Wnt5a were viewed, and β-Tubulin was used for normalization. Mean ± SEM, n = 6. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. 6 m; △P < 0.05 and △△P < 0.01 vs. 17 m; ▲P < 0.05 and ▲▲P < 0.01 vs. EF&LLFBack to article page