Table 2 The main volatile compounds in different parts of A. villosum samples
Codes | RT (min) | Compounds | Fruits | Roots | Leaves | Stems | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparative indexa | Relative content (%)b | Comparative index | Relative content (%) | Comparative index | Relative content (%) | Comparative index | Relative content (%) | |||
1 | 5.26 | (-)-β-Pinene | 18.64c (8.96–29.96)d | 1.49e (0.72–2.79)f | 6.75 (2.61–13.10) | 0.87 (0.33–1.55) | 51.18 (19.99–100.00) | 7.41 (2.66–17.96) | 17.52 (5.39–42.82) | 3.00 (1.88–4.71) |
2 | 6.12 | d-Limonene | 21.41 (11.16–35.39) | 1.49 (0.71–2.87) | 18.60 (7.31–33.11) | 2.05 (0.81–4.67) | 47.97 (21.88–73.28) | 5.87 (2.64–8.60) | 53.19 (24.83–100.00) | 8.62 (4.82–13.12) |
3 | 6.48 | Trans-β-ocimene | 61.39 (24.13–100.00) | 0.38 (0.16–0.69) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
4 | 6.79 | γ | – | – | 66.32 (46.84–100.00) | 1.67 (0.88–2.76) | – | – | – | – |
5 | 8.65 | Terpinolene | – | – | 53.22 (21.67–100.00) | 0.79 (0.23–1.58) | – | – | – | – |
6 | 9.10 | Camphor | 56.8 (29.13–100.00) | 3.91 (2.44–6.32) | 6.68 (2.65–14.75) | 0.77 (0.21–1.74) | – | – | 48.92 (18.29–89.18) | 8.08 (4.97–11.59) |
7 | 9.69 | Borneol | 62.87 (34.65–100.00) | 1.06 (0.54–1.72) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
8 | 9.99 | 4-Terpineol | – | – | 29.24 (17.60–46.87) | 1.13 (0.67–90) | – | – | 64.35 (34.96–100.00) | 3.99 (1.08–6.49) |
9 | 10.37 | Terpineol | – | – | 22.47 (13.15–44.24) | 0.73 (0.39–1.61) | – | – | 61.21 (34.34–100.00) | 3.07 (1.74–5.23) |
10 | 11.23 | Fenchyl acetate | – | – | 60.23 (36.83–100.00) | 0.75 (0.55–1.24) | – | – | 43.2 (14.71–74.93) | 0.82 (0.49–1.20) |
11 | 13.30 | Bornyl acetate | 70.76 (44.10–100.00) | 10.53(8.14–14.27) | 2.79 (0.77–8.38) | 0.66 (0.21–2.31) | – | – | – | – |
12 | 13.57 | Methyl 2,5-octadecadiynoate | 7.14 (2.96–16.60) | 0.15 (0.07–0.40) | 26.05 (8.13–48.86) | 0.93 (0.24–1.77) | 54.9 (24.02–100.00) | 2.19 (0.93–5.55) | 19.13 (5.14–41.33) | 1.13 (0.24–2.90) |
13 | 14.45 | Myrtenyl acetate | – | – | 25.02 (14.68–47.02) | 0.26 (0.14–0.48) | 55.52 (21.41–100.00) | 0.65 (0.29–1.30) | – | – |
14 | 14.86 | Elixene | – | – | – | – | 50.26 (26.48–100.00) | 4.20 (2.48–6.05) | – | – |
15 | 15.30 | δ-Elemene | – | – | 51.81 (25.62–100.00) | 0.42 (0.24–0.71) | – | – | – | – |
16 | 17.55 | Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,7-Hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- | 72.73 (48.94–100.00) | 0.94 (0.73–1.05) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
17 | 18.22 | Caryophyllene | 38.73 (25.26–55.42) | 8.70 (6.64–10.99) | 24.15 (15.12–35.60) | 8.67 (5.53–11.27) | 70.29 (40.21–100.00) | 27.67 (21.49–35.15) | 1.85 (0.74–4.15) | 1.00 (0.45–1.94) |
18 | 19.08 | Aromadendrene | – | – | – | – | 52.71 (33.94–100.00) | 1.62 (1.06–2.28) | – | – |
19 | 19.49 | Epi-β-Santalene | 64.45 (38.13–100.00) | 1.23 (0.86–1.72) | – | – | 15.75 (9.48–26.90) | 0.52 (0.37–0.74) | – | – |
20 | 19.79 | α-Caryophyllene | 25.50 (16.51–38.79) | 0.78 (0.60–1.27) | – | – | 74.81 (41.95–100.00) | 4.03 (3.06–5.88) | – | – |
21 | 20.01 | (Z)-β-Farnesene | 80.18 (57.95–100.00) | 3.53 (3.01–3.92) | – | – | – | – | ||
22 | 20.18 | Allo-aromadendrene | 17.07 (7.12–36.64) | 0.94 (0.35–2.23) | 48.74 (28.44–69.09) | 4.21 (2.86–5.87) | 37.53 (15.95–69.46) | 3.46 (2.23–4.68) | 61.25 (25.84–100.00) | 8.09 (5.70–10.83) |
23 | 20.89 | Unknown | 23.66 (10.14–44.43) | 0.94 (0.37–1.61) | 59.46 (35.67–100.00) | 3.74 (2.67–4.96) | 21.18 (13.98–45.33) | 1.48 (1.03–2.15) | 19.89 (3.67–54.19) | 1.79 (0.58–6.67) |
24 | 21.26 | γ-Muurolene | 73.6 (48.74–100.00) | 2.00 (1.48–2.27) | – | – | – | – | – | |
25 | 21.46 | α-Curcumene | 25.37 (18.83–34.15) | 2.30 (1.70–3.04) | – | – | 61.83 (33.69–100.00) | 9.76 (6.52–12.77) | 41.76 (15.22–83.16) | 8.73 (5.11–11.81) |
26 | 21.59 | Chamigrene | – | – | 55.5 (37.63–100.00) | 27.88 (22.26–36.38) | – | – | – | – |
27 | 22.22 | α-Amorphene | 69.06 (41.43–100.00) | 1.98 (1.07–2.91) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
28 | 22.27 | β-Guaiene | 22.05 (10.59–35.77) | 2.29 (0.99–3.47) | 59.75 (37.91–100.00) | 9.85 (7.27–13.71) | – | – | 28.87 (3.58–61.43) | 6.79 (1.20–9.99) |
29 | 22.65 | Cis-α-bisabolene | 78.01 (53.60–100.00) | 1.31 (0.91–1.87) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
30 | 23.14 | β-Bisabolene | 77.31 (54.49–100.00) | 11.50 (9.00–14.05) | 26.6 (17.82–50.60) | 6.26 (3.97–10.97) | 14.38 (6.28–28.89) | 3.62 (2.06–5.04) | 10.34 (0.69–53.3) | 3.09 (0.45–10.16) |
31 | 23.93 | δ-Cadinene | 39.71 (27.76–54.46) | 3.02 (1.93–3.89) | 49.43 (28.41–73.14) | 5.94 (3.97–8.28) | 40.7 (24.71–74.94) | 5.47 (3.00–13.52) | 47.06 (6.08–100.00) | 8.07 (1.49–10.29) |
32 | 24.51 | α-Patchoulene | 70.09 (47.42–100.00) | 2.10 (1.59–2.92) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
33 | 25.26 | Germacrene B | 72.06 (48.84–100.00) | 1.84 (1.46–2.34) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
34 | 27.08 | (E)-nerolidol | 63.26 (36.22–100.00) | 14.82 (10.14–18.66) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
35 | 27.97 | Caryophyllene oxide | 18.99 (10.86–36.30) | 0.59 (0.34–1.24) | 61.34 (40.3–100.00) | 3.01 (1.93–4.33) | 21.34 (8.18–30.64) | 1.15 (0.59–1.72) | 35.87 (14.38–85.84) | 2.71 (0.96–8.45) |
36 | 32.57 | γ-Eudesmol | – | – | 12.93 (5.27–32.45) | 2.17 (0.90–5.49) | – | – | 52.87 (28.04–100.00) | 12.84 (9.42–15.4) |
37 | 32.86 | Eremophilene | – | – | 49.37 (32.64–78.66) | 3.98 (2.46–6.07) | – | – | 51.63 (22.49–100.00) | 5.94 (4.25–8.64) |
38 | 33.48 | Longifolenaldehyde | – | – | 35.29 (20.21–58.56) | 1.55 (0.66–2.89) | 62.82 (26.75–100.00) | 2.91 (1.28–6.28) | – | – |
39 | 33.90 | Cubenol | 69.36 (44.6–100.00) | 10.04 (7.19–12.99) | 6.83 (2.80–15.19) | 1.54 (0.84–2.52) | – | – | – | – |
40 | 34.09 | Santalol,cis,α- | 74.43 (42.5–100.00) | 3.22 (2.13–4.11) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
41 | 34.63 | Widdrol | – | – | – | – | – | – | 48.86 (15.39–100.00) | 0.88 (0.23–2.17) |
42 | 35.07 | Acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-6-isopropenyl-4,8a-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl ester | 68.71 (39.22–100.00) | 0.58 (0.39–0.79) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
43 | 36.08 | 4-(2-Acetyl-5,5-dimethylcyclopent-2-enylidene)butan-2-one | – | – | – | – | – | – | 57.82 (18.21–100.00) | 2.69 (0.63–3.92) |
44 | 36.23 | Aristolene epoxide | 22.27 (11.54–37.85) | 0.65 (0.30–1.19) | 27.11 (11.47–52.64) | 1.32 (0.42–2.86) | 58.48 (27.00–100.00) | 3.02 (1.54–6.58) | – | – |
45 | 37.20 | Nerolidyl acetate | 68.47 (37.48–100.00) | 0.42 (0.25–0.55) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
46 | 37.46 | 6-(1-Hydroxymethylvinyl)-4,8a-dimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-one | 20.25 (11.91–46.81) | 0.37 (0.22–0.94) | 67.34 (39.72–100.00) | 2.00 (1.13–3.37) | 20.22 (13.75–30.53) | 0.66 (0.42–1.31) | 26.64 (9.35–49.58) | 1.23 (0.33–2.84) |
47 | 37.95 | Santalol | 59.35 (34.97–100.00) | 0.13 (0.08–0.22) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
48 | 39.50 | Cembrene | 19.97 (8.67–34.40) | 0.09 (0.05–0.16) | 65.38 (44.24–100.00) | 0.46 (0.30–0.82) | 38.9 (19.09–58.49) | 0.31 (0.14–0.52) | 15.37 (5.73–35.40) | 0.16 (0.03–.31) |
Total | 77.81 (55.84–100.00) | 95.35 (90.86–98.80) | 47.95 (35.68–68.76) | 93.60 (89.79–98.67) | 39.88 (29.49–56.66) | 86.00 (81.28–93.78) | 32.32 (16.64–57.90) | 92.72 (90.33–98.51) | ||
Chemical classes | ||||||||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 26.87 (14.60–41.69) | 3.37 (1.81–6.09) | 26.75 (18.39–38.77) | 5.38 (3.38–8.63) | 59.29 (25.78–100.00) | 13.29 (5.60–23.9) | 40.70 (17.68–79.34) | 11.62 (7.80–16.32) | ||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 68.75 (42.38–100.00) | 15.51 (11.77–19.95) | 11.72 (7.00–20.14) | 4.30 (2.83–8.45) | 1.58 (0.61–2.84) | 0.65 (0.29–1.30) | 28.69 (14.99–45.09) | 15.97 (11.74–22.37) | ||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 70.02 (48.17–95.35) | 44.89 (34.4–50.98) | 66.34 (48.55–100.00) | 67.21 (61.31–73.02) | 54.17 (34.12–83.97) | 60.34 (52.85–68.94) | 28.52 (11.79–59.51) | 41.7 (25.26–49.12) | ||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 67.57 (40.51–100.00) | 29.81 (21.3–36.02) | 16.17 (9.56–20.54) | 11.58 (8.22–15.2) | 9.91 (5.35–15.28) | 7.75 (5.19–14.76) | 16.86 (9.09–32.48) | 17.66 (12.69–21.5) | ||
Others | 37.19 (19.16–54.55) | 1.76 (1.09–2.56) | 67.99 (43.35–100.00) | 5.13 (4.24–6.52) | 46.48 (27.63–85.52) | 3.97 (2.32–7.29) | 50.38 (21.39–88.52) | 5.77 (2.40–10.84) | ||