Table 4 Effects of alkaloids on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)
From: Effects of alkaloids on peripheral neuropathic pain: a review
Alkaloids | Animal/cell | Dose mg/kg (route of administration) | Effects/mechanisms of action | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
behavioral evaluation | histopathological observation | Electrophysiology parameters | Biochemical/Molecular parameters/mRNA | ||||
Berberine | Male Wistar rats | 10/20 mg/kg i.p 8 days |  → Paclitaxel-induced heat hyperalgesia and cold allodynia | ↑Shrunken and swollen axons with myelin breakdown  → Axon number | – | ↓MDA and GPx levels in the sciatic nerve tissue ↑GSH and SOD levels and Nrf2 mRNA in the sciatic nerve tissue | [87] |
Evodiamine | Male Sprague–Dawley rats | 5 mg/kg i.p 3 days | ↓Paclitaxel-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity | ↑IENFs | – | ↓IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 ↑PGC-1α, UCP2 and SOD2 mRNA in DRG | [78] |
Matrine | Male ICR mice | 15/30/60 mg/kg i.p 11 days | ↓Vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, heat hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia  → Motor Coordination  → SFI | ↓The loss of myelinated nerve fibers, part of the axons arranged in irregular swelling, rise in the number of vacuoles | ↑Vincristine-induced loss of SNCV and SNAP amplitudes in a dose dependent manner | ↑T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px and TCA activity ↓MDA and MPO | [82] |
Bulleyaconitine A | Male Sprague–Dawley rats | 0.1/0.4/0.8 mg/kg i.g | ↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia | – | ↓HFS induced LTP ↓The frequency of sEPSCs and mEPSCs in laminar II neurons  → The amplitude of sEPSCs and mEPSCs in laminar II neurons | – | [92] |
Corydalis saxicola Bunting total alkaloids | Male Sprague–Dawley rats | 30/60/120 mg/kg i.g | ↓Cisplatin-induced mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and cold Hyperalgesia | ↓Cisplatin-induced vacuoles, neuron shrinkage, disordered satellite cells, and generally decreased Schwann cells | – | ↓Cisplatin-induced pro-inflammation cytokines release in serum and foot supernatant of rats ↓ Cisplatin-induced p-p38 and TRPV1expression in DRG, TG, Spinal Cord and paw | [81] |
Levo-corydalmine | Male ICR mice Primary astrocytes | 5/10/20 mg/kg i.g 9 days 3/10/30 μM(in vitro) | Reversed vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia | ↓Fluorescence intensity of CXCL1 and p-NF-κB | – | ↓TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1 and NF-κB activation in vivo and vitro | [89] |