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Table 6 Effects of alkaloids on sciatic nerve ligation (SNL) models

From: Effects of alkaloids on peripheral neuropathic pain: a review

Alkaloids

Animal/cell

Dose mg/kg (route of

administration)

Effects/mechanisms of action

Biochemical/molecular parameters/mRNA

References

behavioral evaluation

histopathological

observation

Electrophysiology parameters

Lappaconitine

Male adult Wistar rats

Primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia

0.3/1/3/10 mg/kg s.c

0.3/1/3/10 μg

i.t

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

–

–

→The mRNA expression of dynorphin A, prodynorphin in microglia

↓LPS-induced the increase of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in microglia

[29]

koumine

Male adult Sprague–Dawley rats

0.28/1.4/7 mg/kg

s.c

Twice per day for 7 days

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

–

–

–

[130]

Bulleyaconitine A

Male Sprague–Dawley rats

0.4 mg/kg

i.g

↓Mechanical and thermal sensitivity

–

↓Morphine induced-the potentiation of spinal LTP at C-fiber synapses

↓p-PKCγ in SDH

[136]

Bullatine A

Male adult Swiss mice

0.1/0.3/1/3/10/30 mg/kg

s.c

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

–

–

–

[135]

Bulleyaconitine A

Male Sprague–Dawley rats

Primary DRG neurons

–

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

–

↓ Na+ channels in the uninjured neurons

–

[151]

Bullatine A

Male adult Wistar rats

0.3/1/3/10/30 mg/kg

s.c

0.3/1/3/10/30 μg

i.t

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

↑Dynorphin A immunofluorescence staining in the ipsilateral SDH

–

→ LPS-induced the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in microglia

[45]

Gelsemine

Male Wistar rats

0.03/0.1/0.3/1/3/10 μg

i.t

↓Mechanical allodynia

–

–

↓The level of Gly α3 mRNA and protein

[137]

Dehydrocorybulbine

Male 129/sv mice

10 mg/kg

i.p

↓Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia

–

–

–

[138]

  1. ↑: Enhanced/Increased/Upregulate↓: Attenuate/Downregulate/Decrease/Suppress/Inhibit/Prevent