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Table 2 Natural remedies and their therapeutic effects

From: Therapeutic roles of natural remedies in combating hereditary ataxia: A systematic review

Disorder

Natural Remedies

Compounds

Model

Finding

Mode of Action

Reference

Medicinal plant

 SCA3

Rehmannia glutinosa

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Catalpol

HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells

Promoted proteasome activity, suppressed polyQ aggregation, prevented cell death

UPS

[55]

Pueraria lobate

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Puerarin and daidzein

iPSCs

Promoted proteasome activity, suppressed polyQ aggregation, prevented cell death

[56]

Gastrodia elata

T1-11 and JMF-1907

Mice

Promoted proteasome activity, prevented cell death, restored motor function

[57]

Gardenia jasminoides

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Genipin, geniposide and crocin

HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells

Promoted the expression of antioxidant genes, suppressed ROS level

NRF2 signalling pathway

[58]

Glycyrrhiza inflata

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Licochalcone A and AMGZ

Promoted the expression of antioxidant genes, suppressed ROS level, suppressed polyQ aggregation

[59]

Paeonia lactiflora

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Paeoniflorin

Promoted expression of heat shock proteins, suppressed polyQ aggregation, restored motor function

N/A

[60]

Brassica napus

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Sinapine

Roundworm

Promoted expression of antioxidant genes, suppressed ROS level, restored motor function

N/A

[61]

SCA17

Ginkgo biloba

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N/A

SH-SY5Y cells and mice

Prevented calcium influx, prevented cell death

Calcium homeostasis

[62]

Herbal formulation

 SCA6

Zhengan Xifeng Tang

N/A

Human

Restored motor function

N/A

[63, 64]

 SCA17

Shaoyao Gancao Tang

N/A

HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells

Promoted expression of antioxidant genes, prevented cell death, restored mitochondrial biogenesis, restored motor function

N/A

[65]

Medicinal mushroom

 FRDA

Hericium erinaceus

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N/A

Fibroblast

Prevented antioxidant depletion, prevented cell death

N/A

[66]

  1. SCA spinocerebellar ataxia, HEK-293 human embryonic kidney 293 cells, UPS ubiquitin–proteasome system, iPSCs induced-pluripotent stem cells, T1-11, N6-(4-Hydroxybenzyl) adenosine; JMF-1907, N6-(3-Indolylethyl) adenosine; NRF2 nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; AMGZ ammonium glycyrrhizinate; FRDA Friedreich’s ataxia; N/A not applicable