Fig. 2

EAE exerted protective effects on TNF-α-treated IEC-6 cells. When cells reached confluence in the transwell system, Cells were pretreated with EAE (0.1, 0.03, and 0.01 mg/mL) for 1 h, followed by TNF-α (50 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. a TEER values were shown as percentage relative to the control. b Permeability of FD-4 in TNF-α-treated IEC-6 cell. IEC-6 cells were pretreated with EAE (0.1, 0.03, and 0.01 mg/mL) for 1 h, followed by TNF-α (50 ng/mL) stimulation for 24 h. The relative ratios of ZO-1/GAPDH and Occludin/GAPDH were calculated based on the densities of bands on Western blots. The protein expression levels of ZO-1 (c) and occludin (d) were increased in TNF-α-treated IEC-6 cells while pretreated with EAE. EAE decreased the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 (e) and IL-1β (f) in TNF-α-stimulated IEC-6 cells. Mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. the control group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 vs. the TNF-α-stimulated group. EAE: galli gigeriae endothelium corneum ethyl acetate extract