Fig. 5
ABX depleted most gut bacteria and decreased BAs. a Principal component analysis (PCA) based on weighted_normalized_unifrac distance metrics of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Observed species (b) and Shannon index (c) in each group. d Existence of OTUs in each group. The percent of bacteria abundance at the phylum level (e) and the typical specific relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level (f) and family level (g). The levels of total bile acids (BAs) (h), total primary bile acids (PBAs) (i), and total secondary bile acids (SBAs) (j) in serum. Specific levels of PBAs (k) and SBAs (l) in serum. CH + AA represents rats intermittently exposed to cold water and fed AA, while CH + AA + ABX represents rats intermittently exposed to cold water and fed AA and antibiotics. CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; α-MCA, α-muricholic acid; β-MCA, β-muricholic acid; T-αMCA, tauro-α-muricholic acid; TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid; GCA, glycocholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; ω-MCA, ω-murichoclic acid; GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid; TLCA, taurolithocholic acid; THDCA, taurohyodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 6 rats/group). Differences were evaluated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001)