Table 2 Quality control and identification methods for musk

Quality control

GC

Mobile phase, nitrogen; Column, OV-17 column; Detector, FID

Muscone

[1]

GC/MS

Mobile Phase, helium; Column, DB-5 column; Detector, mass detector

Muscone

[122]

HPLC-RI

Mobile phase, acetonitrile–water (95:5); Column, Zorbax ODS column; Detector, RI detector

Muscone

[123]

RP-UPLC-ELSD

Mobile phase, methanol–water (78: 22); Column, Waters Acquity BEH C18 column; Detector, ELSD

Muscone

[124]

Single-Sweep Polarography

Solution, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-sodium chloride mixed aqueous solution; peak potential, -800 mV(vs.SCE)

Muscone

[125]

GC/MS

Mobile phase, helium; Column, Rtx-5sil MS column; Detector, mass detector

Steroids

[128]

HPLC

Mobile Phase, n-hexane-dioxane- ethyl acetate (100:2.5:0.4); Column, Self-loading silicone column (YWG₈₀-5 μm); Detector, SPD-1 UV–Vis detector

Steroids

[126]

GC/MS

Mobile phase, helium; Column, HP-1MS column; Detector, mass detector

Steroids

[127]

Thrombin titration

Titration substrate, 0.5% bovine fibrinogen; Enzyme, 10U/mL bovine thrombin; Titration interval, 1 min; Titrant volume, 2 μL

Anti-thrombin activity

[129]

Identification

Microscopy

Microscope, Nikon E200

Physical characteristics

[130]

GC/MS

Mobile phase, helium; Column, HP-1MS column; Detector, mass detector

Steroids

[128]

FTIR

Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer, DTGS mid-infrared detector; Dispersion medium, KBr; Spectral resolution, 4 cm⁻¹; Signal accumulation, 32

Characteristic infrared absorption

[131]

ELISA

-

MP-1

[132]

Electronic nose coupled with chemometrics

An oxide sensor-based electronic nose (A oxide sensor-based electronic nose); musk samples, 0.03 g; Carrier gas, synthetic dry air, 150 mL/min; Injection volume, 1 mL; Injection rate, 1 mL/s, 35 °C

Odors

[133]

DNA barcoding

DNA extraction, DNeasy tissue blood DNA Extraction Kit, modified CTAB method

Phylogenetic tree

[134]