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Fig. 2 | Chinese Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Chaihu-Shugan-San (Shihosogansan) alleviates restraint stress-generated anxiety and depression in mice by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression through the modulation of gut microbiota

Fig. 2

Orally gavage of CSS alleviated restraint stress (RS)-induced anxiety and /depression in mice. Effects on RS-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in the EPM (A: a, time spent in the open arm [OT]; b, open arm entries [OE]), LDT (B; a, time spent in the light box [TL]; b, number of transition into the light box entry [NT]), TST (C), and FST (D). E Effect on IL-6 (E) expression in the hippocampus, assessed by ELISA. F Effect on the BDNF expression and NF-κB activation (p-p65 to p65 ratio) in the hippocampus. Effect on corticosterone (CORT, G) and IL-6 levels (H) in the blood. Test agents (RS, vehicle [saline]; PC, (1 mg/kg/day of buspirone, i.p; CS1.0, 1 g/kg/day of CSS) were treated daily for 5 days from the next day after the final exposure to restraint stress (RS). Normal control mice (NC) was orally treated with vehicle (saline) instead of test agents. Data values were indicated as mean ± SD (n = 6). #p < 0.05 vs. NC group. *p < 0.05 vs. RS group

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Chinese Medicine

ISSN: 1749-8546

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