From: Towards a better understanding of Fagopyrum dibotrys: a systematic review
Pharmacological activities | Components | Experimental models | Administration design | Effects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-inflammatory | Ethanolic extract | FCA-induced AA rat model | 40, 80 or 1600Â mg/kg, 21 days (qd), i.g. | Decrease the plasma viscosity and reduce the production of IL-1 and TNF-a |
Procyanidin B1 | LPS-induced THP-1 | 50, 100, 150 or 200Â mg/L,18Â h | Negative modulation Toll-like receptor-MyD88 signaling pathway | |
Ethanolic extract | AA-induced irritable bowel syndrome rat model | 6 or 24Â g/kg, 14 days (qd), i.g. | Reduce intestinal inflammation via regulating tight junction proteins | |
Ethanolic extract | FCA-induced SD rats | 40, 80 or 160Â mg/kg, 21 days (qd), i.g. | Reduce the production of IL-1 and TNF-a | |
Luteolin | LPS-induced BALB/c mice | 0.5 or 1Â mg/kg, 2Â h, i.p. | Inhibit HMGB1 and the production of TNF-a and NO | |
Chrysoeriol | TPA-induced ear edema mouse model and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells | 0.5 or 1 mg/ear, 30 min, skin 10, 20 or 30 µM ,1 h | Inhibit JAK2/STA T3 and IκB/p65 NF-κB pathways | |
Isorhamnetin | LPS-induced HGFs | 10, 20 or 40 µM, 24 h | Inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in HGFs by activating Nrf2 pathway | |
Tricin | LPS-induces hPBMCs | 15 µM, 24 h | Anti-inflammatory via a mechanism involving the TLR4/NF-κB/STAT cascade | |
Protocatechuic acid | RA-FLSs were obtained via collagenase digestion | 5, 10, 20, or 40 µM, 24 or 48 h | Ameliorate RA-FLSs via inhibiting the NF-κB and Akt/mTOR signalling pathways | |
Hecogenin | 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzenein-induced BALB/c mice | 50, 75 or 100Â mg/mice | Ameliorate inflammation by inhibiting TNF-a and IL-12 | |
Procyanidin B2 | Paraquat-induced SD rats | 25, 50 and 100Â mg/kg, 3 days (qd), i.g. | Suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome | |
Anti-cancer | Ethanolic extract | Ketamine-induced SD rats | 6, 3, 1.5 g/kg 6 days (qd), i.g. | Decrease the excessive expression of TNF-α, ICAM-1, NF-κB p65 and MIP2M mRNA |
Extract | HeLa, DU145, H460, MCF-7, K562, HCT116, HepG2, U2OS, T98G cells | 15, 30, 45, 60 or 120 µg/mL, 48, 72 or 96 h | Inhibit the proliferation of cells derived from certain organs | |
Ethanolic extract | Hela cell | 2, 10, 50, 250Â g/mL, 12, 24, 48 or 72Â h | Promote the expression of apoptotic Bax and inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 | |
β-Sitosterol | MCF-7 cell | 5, 10, 20 or 30 µM, 48 h | Preferentially binds with specific β-tubulin isotypes (βII and βIII) | |
Rhamnetin | MCF-7 cell | 5, 10, 15 or 25 µM, 24, 48 or 72 h | Induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via the miR‑34a/Notch‑1 pathway | |
Isorhamnetin | PANC-1 cell | 10–100 mol/L, 48 h | Decrease the phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK in the Ras/MAPK pathway | |
Genkwanin | HT-29 or sr-480 | 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 ng/mL, overnight | Inhibit cancer cells proliferation | |
Afzelin | LNCaP or PC-3 | 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 µg/mL, 72 h | Inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1 expression | |
Anti-oxidant | Crude aqueous acetone extract | DPPH | 2-1000Â g/mL, 30Â min | DPPH radical scavenging |
Hesperidin | APAP-induced Wister rats | 100 or 200 mg/kg, 14 days (qd), i.g. | Decrease caspase-3, caspase-9, NF-κB, iNOS, Kim-1 and increase Bcl-2 | |
Ferulic acid | ABTS and DPPH | 1–10 µM, N/A | Enhance the scavenging of ABTS and DPPH radicals | |
Procyanidin B2 | HL-60 | 20 or 200 µM, 1 h | Exerts antioxidant by interacting with H2O2 | |
Anti-bacterial | Ethanolic extract | Pneumococcus-induced KunMing mice | 0.76, 0.38, 0.19, 0.098 or 0.049Â g/kg,7 days (qd), i.g. | Prevent ethanol-induced acute liver injury via blocking CYP2El-mediated ethanol bioactivation and scavenging free radical |
Superfine powder Fagopyrum dibotryis | Gram-negative bacteria-induced KunMing mice | 1.75, 1.25, 0.75Â g/kg, 7 days (qd), i.g. | Against Gram-negative bacteria | |
Emodin | TSB and TSA used for H. parasuis growth | 32 or 64 µg/ mL, 24 h | Influence conformation of membrane protein | |
Anti-viral | Ethanolic extract | H3N2-induced chicken embryo | 10, 5 or 2.5Â mg/mL, 12 or 24Â h | Inhibit viral proliferation |
Genkwanin | ASFV Ba71V | 40 µM, 96 h | Reduce ASFV early and late proteins and viral DNA synthesis | |
Tricin | H1N1pdm, H1N1, H3N2 | 3.3–30 µM, 8 h | Decrease the expression of viral protein and messenger RNA | |
Ursolic acid | RV SA11 | 10, 20, 30, 40 µM, 24 h | Decrease VP6 and NSP2 viral proteins | |
Procyanidin B1 | Vesicular stomatitis and HCV-induced Huh-7 | 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 µM, 1 h | Suppress HCV RNA synthesis | |
Procyanidin B2 | FCV-F9 and MNV-1 | 1 or 0.5Â mg/mL, 3, 6, 24Â h | Causes structural changes of the P domain of VLPs, leading to HNoV inactivation | |
Anti-diabetic | Ethanolic extract | Streptozotocin-induced KunMing mice | 50, 100, or 200Â mg/kg, 6 weeks (qd), i.g. | Hypoglycemic via Crease TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and HOMA-IR. Decrease HDL-C, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and ISI |
Ursolic acid | Metabolic syndrome patient | 150Â mg/day, 12 weeks | Reduce body weight, BMI, waist circumference and fasting glucose, increase insulin sensitivity | |
Procyanidin C1 | ATCC CL173 | 1, 10 or 20 µM, 48 h | Act as a potential insulin action enhancer through the AKT-eNOS pathway in mature adipocytes | |
Gallic acid and P-coumaric acid | STZ-induced Rattus norvegicus | 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, 6 weeks (qd), i.g. | Decrease the level of TNF-α and increased the levels of PPARγ mRNA and adiponectin |