Fig. 5

SKN suppresses TNF-α-induced FLS migration, invasion, and adhesion. A, D FLS which seeded in 48-well plates were scratched with pipette tips for wound, then allowed to migrate in the presence of 20 ng/ml TNF-α with or without SKN (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μM) for 12 h. The distance of cell migration was calculated. B, E FLS were presented in upper insert with serum-free H-DMEM and TNF-α were put in lower insert with 10%FBS H-DMEM. The migration cell number were counted after 6 h in the presence of SKN (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μM) or not. C, F FLS were presented in Matrigel matrix pre-coated upper chamber with serum-free H-DMEM, migrated for 14 h in the presence of 20 ng/ml TNF-α with SKN (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μM), then calculate the number of intruders. G FLS were seeded on the 24-well plates with or without the presence of 20 ng/ml TNF-α and/not SKN for 24 h, and then plated the treated cells on fibronectin or bovine serum albumin for 1.5 h, the cell viability by MTT. The experiments were carried out in triplicate indenpendently and calculated Mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared with the TNF-α-induced group; ^###P < 0.001, compared to the control group