Table 3 Anti-DILI effect and mechanism of Alkaloid in natural medicines
From: Mechanism of drug-induced liver injury and hepatoprotective effects of natural drugs
No. | Natural medicine | Bioactive components | Mechanisms | The species investigated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Coptis chinensis Franch | Berberine | Inhibiting oxidative stress, hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory response | Pre-clinical model: Male C57BL/6 mice (18–22 g) | [136] |
2 | Aconitum carmichaelii Debx | Aconine | Inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction | Pre-clinical model: HepaRG cells | [137] |
3 | Acanthi Ilicifolii Herba seu Radix | Alkaloid A | Down regulating the expressions of NO and iNOS, and reducing the expression of protein p-ERRK1/2 | Pre-clinical model: Kunming SPF male (18–22 g) | [139] |
4 | Piper nigrum L | Piperine | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic | Pre-clinical model: Swiss mice (25–30 g) | [140] |
5 | Capsicum annuum L | Capsaicin | Inhibiting the inflammatory response, attenuating oxidative stress, and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis | Pre-clinical model: Healthy male Balb/c mice (6 weeks old, 18–20 g) | [141] |
6 | Dendrobium nobile | Dendrobine | Inhibiting miR-295-5p | Pre-clinical model: ICR (C57BL6) mice | [142] |
7 | Nelumbo nucifera | Total alkaloids | Activation of hepatic AMPK /Nrf2 cascade | Pre-clinical model: Kunming male (20–25 g) | [143] |