Table 4 Anti-DILI effect and mechanism of saponin in natural medicines
From: Mechanism of drug-induced liver injury and hepatoprotective effects of natural drugs
No. | Natural medicine | Bioactive components | Mechanisms | The species investigated | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Astragalus mongholicus | Astragaloside IV | Anti-oxidative | Pre-clinical model: Male clean grade ICR mice, (18–22 g) | [153] |
2 | Terminalia arjuna | Arjunolic acid | Inhibition of P450-mediated APAP bioactivation and inhibition of JNK-mediated activation of mitochondrial permeabilization | Pre-clinical model: Male albino rats of the Wistar strain (4 weeks old, 120–130 g) | [154] |
3 | Acanthopanax sessiliflorus | Chiisanoside | Anti-inflammatory | Pre-clinical model: Mice | [138] |
4 | Panax ginseng CA Mey | Ginsenoside RK1 | Anti-oxidative, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and anti-nitrative effects | Pre-clinical model: Male ICR mice (8 weeks old, 22–25 g) | [150] |
5 | Panax ginseng CA Mey | Ginsenoside Rg1 | Nrf2 signaling pathway | Pre-clinical model: Male C57BL/6 mice (8–10 weeks old, 20–25 g) | [155] |
6 | Platycodon grandiflorum | Platypodid D | NF‐κB and AMPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways | Pre-clinical model: Male ICR mice (8–10 weeks old, 20–22 g) | [156] |
7 | Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen | Total saponins | Anti-oxidative | Pre-clinical model: ICR SPF mouse, male, (18–25 g) | [157] |
8 | Tribulus terrestris L | Total saponins | Reducing Caspase-3 expression and inhibiting apoptosis of the liver cells | Pre-clinical model: Kunming mice (18–22 g) | [158] |