From: Mechanism of drug-induced liver injury and hepatoprotective effects of natural drugs
No. | Natural medicine | Bioactive components | Mechanisms | The species investigated | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nigella sativa Linn | Thymoquinone | Decreases the level of protein and mRNA expression of α-SMA, collagen-I and the TIMP-1 to down-regulate TLR4 expression and significantly reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhibits the phosphorylation of PI3K, enhances the phosphorylation of AMPK and LKB-1 | Pre-clinical model: Male Kunming mice (6 weeks old; 18–23 g) | [171] |
2 | Haematococcus pluvialis | Astaxanthin | Alleviating hepatocyte necrosis, blocking ROS generation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing apoptosis by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway mediated by TNF-α and phosphorylation of ERK and P38 | Pre-clinical model: male C57BL/6 mice | [169] |
3 | Rabdosia excisa. KA | Kamebakaurin | Inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress | Pre-clinical model: female C57BL/6Â J mice (6Â weeks old) | [170] |
4 | Bouvardia ternifolia | Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid | The levels of AST and ALT were significantly reduced | Pre-clinical model: male Balb/C mice (23–27 g) | [172] |
5 | Bacopa monnieri | Bacoside | Prevent lipid peroxidation and prevent free radicals | Pre-clinical model: female Wistar albino rats (170–200 g) | [173] |