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Table 1 Ancient and modern comparison of processing methods on TCM with mineral excipients

From: Effect of mineral excipients on processing traditional Chinese medicines: an insight into the components, pharmacodynamics and mechanism

TCM

Modern processing

Ancient processing

Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020 edition)

Provincial processing specification

Processing method

Provinces or Municipalities

Edition

Pinelliae

Rhizoma (Banxia)

Pinelliae Rhizoma

praeparatum Cum Alumine

Take Banxia → soak in 8% alumen → boil thoroughly, reduced sensation of numb tongue → wash → cut into thick slices → dry

Take Banxia → soak in alumen for 7 days → dry

Shengjizonglu(《聖濟總錄》)

 

Pinelliae Rhizoma

Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine

Take Banxia → soak in water → boil thoroughly → add

ginger and alumen → boil → take out → dry

Take Banxia → boil in alumen → add ginger → make into paste Bencaomengquan (《本草蒙筌》)

 

Rhizoma Pinelliae

Praeparatum

Take Banxia → soak in water → boil thoroughly → add

licorice boiled liquid → add lime water → soak and maintain pH12 → golden yellow section, reduced sensation of numb tongu → wash → dry

Take Banxia → add boiled lime water → stir → clarify it and discard the residu Bencaogangmushiyi(《本草綱目拾遺》)

Take Banxia → add lime water → soak 2–3 days → wash → add alumen → soak → wash → dry Yaoxingcuping (《藥性粗評》)

Arisaematis

Rhizoma (Tiannan Xing)

Arisaematis rhizome

preparatum

Take Tiannanxing → soak in water → change the water 2 or 3 times a day → white foam appeared → soak in alumen for one day → change the water → sensation of numb tongue is reduced → add ginger and alumen → boil thoroughly → air to 40% ~ 60% dry → cut into slice → dry

   

Take Tiannanxing → soak in alumen for 3 days → dry

Bencaobeiyao(《本草備要》)

Take Tiannanxing → soak in alumen → cleaning 7 times → boil

Shengjizonglu(《聖濟總錄》

Take Tiannanxing → add lime → stir-fry

Xianshoulishangxuduanmifang (《仙授理傷續斷秘方》)

Typhonii Rhizoma (Baifuzi)

 

Take Baifuzi → soak in water → change the water 2–3 times a day → sticky foam appears → soak in alumen for1 day → change the water → sensation of numb tongue is reduced → add ginger and alumen → boil → boil thoroughly → air to 60% ~ 70% dry → cut into thick slices → dry

Take Baifuzi → soak in water for 15 ~ 20 days → change the water 2–3 times a day → sticky foam appears → change the water → soak in alumen for 3 days → change the water → sensation of numb tongue is reduced → add ginger and alumen → boil → boil thoroughly → air to 60%- 70% dry → cut into thick slices → dry

Beijing

2008

 

Hirudo (Shuizhi)

 

Take stir-fry talci pulvis → add Shuizhi → until slightly puffed

Take stir-fry talci pulvis → add Shuizhi → until light yellow, slightly bulging → take out

Jiangxi

2008

Myristicae

Semen (Roudoukou)

 

Take stir-fry talci pulvis → add Roudoukou → until the surface is slightly bulgy and yellowish → take out

Beijing

2008

Asini Corii Colla (Ejiao)

 

Take diced Ejiao → add talci pulvis → stir-fry → until bulged into beads without a soft yolk → take out

Hunan

2010

Angelicae Sinensis

Radix (Danggui)

 

Take Danggui → add soil → stir-fry → until earth-yellow → sift the soil away → cool

Hunan

2010

Take Danggui → add soil → stir-fry

Depeibencao(《得配本草》)

Atractylodis

Macrocephalae Rhizome (Baizhu)

 

Take stir-fry soil → add Baizhu → stir-fry → until surface is the color of soil, fragrant → sift the soil away → cool

Shandong

2012

Take Baizhu → add soil → stir-fry → until brown → sift the soil away Bencaomengquan(《本草蒙筌》)

Take Baizhu → add soil → stir-fry

Qianjinyifang(《千金翼方》) & Bencaocongxin(《本草从新》)

Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao)

 

Take Baishao → add soil → stir-fry → until yellowish brown → sift the soil away → cool

Tianjin

2018

Coicis Semen (Yiyiren)

 

Take stir-fry soil → add Yiyiren → until surface is the color of soil, fragrant → sift the soil away → cool

Yunnan

2005

Take Yiyiren → add soil → stir-fry → until surface is yellow → boil → grind in paste form Youhuanjiwen(《遊宦紀聞》)

Citri Reticulatae

Pericarpium (Chenpi)

 

Take stir-fry soil → add Chenpi → stir-fry → until surface is the color of soil with focal spot → sift the soil away → cool

Shandong

2012

Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong)

 

Take Maidong → spray a little water → add cinnabaris → mix well → dry

Hunan

2010

Take Maidong → add cinnabaris

Bencaobiandu (《本草便讀》)

Polygalae

Radix (Yuanzhi)

 

Take Yuanzhi → spray a little water → moisten for

Gansu

2009