Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Reference (Country) | CHM formula | Prokinetic | Number of participants R/A | Average age (SD) | FD diagnostic criteria (TCM diagnostic pattern(s), if reported) | Duration of FD symptoms | Treatment duration (Length of follow-up) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gong [38] (China) | Liu Wei An Xiao Capsule | Domperidone | CHM group: 82/82 Prokinetic group: 74/74 | Not reported | Rome III criteria (Food stagnation) | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Li [60] (China) | Liu Wei An Xiao Capsule | Domperidone | CHM group: 50/50 Prokinetic group: 50/50 | CHM group: 41.3 Prokinetic group: 38.6 | Rome II criteria | CHM group: 3.8Â years in average Prokinetic group: 3.2Â years in average | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Zhou [39] (China) | He Wei Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 48/48 Prokinetic group: 48/48 | CHM group: 37.4 (4.3) Prokinetic group: 36.5 (3.8) | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of early satiety Alleviation of epigastric pain |
Leng [40] (China) | He Wei Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 41/41 Prokinetic group: 39/39 | CHM group: 42.0 (13.0) Prokinetic group: 38.6 (14.2) | Rome III criteria (Liver qi invading the stomach) | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of early satiety Alleviation of epigastric pain |
Gao [41] (China) | Modified He Gan Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 40/40 Prokinetic group: 40/40 | CHM group: 41.6 Prokinetic group: 40.1 | Rome III criteria | CHM group: 6.1Â years in average Prokinetic group: 6.3Â years in average | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness |
Liu [61] (China) | Fu An Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 40/40 Prokinetic group: 40/40 | CHM group: 31.6 (13.1) Prokinetic group: 32.7 (11.3) | Rome II criteria (Liver depression and spleen deficiency) | CHM group: 4.8 ± 1.7 years Prokinetic group: 4.8 ± 1.4 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Lai [42] (China) | Xiao Pi Tong Jiang Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 30/30 Prokinetic group: 30/30 | CHM group: 37.4 (9.8) Prokinetic group: 39.7 (8.9) | Rome III criteria (Cold-heat complex) | CHM group: 3.6 ± 1.9 years Prokinetic group: 3.4 ± 1.5 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of early satiety Alleviation of epigastric pain Alleviation of epigastric burning |
Cai [43] (China) | Xiao Pi Kuan Wei Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 47/47 Prokinetic group: 47/47 | CHM group: 35.6 Prokinetic group: 35.9 | Rome III criteria (Liver qi invading the stomach) | CHM group: 4.4 ± 0.6 years Prokinetic group: 4.8 ± 0.9 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of early satiety Alleviation of epigastric pain Alleviation of epigastric burning |
Dong [44] (China) | Cai Zhu Jie Yu Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 32/32 Prokinetic group: 32/32 | CHM group: 44.8 (9.5) Prokinetic group: 45.2 (9.8) | Rome III criteria (Liver qi depression) | CHM group: 3.7 ± 0.9 years Prokinetic group: 3.5 ± 0.7 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Liu [45] (China) | Zhi Zhu Kuan Zhong Capsule | Domperidone | CHM group: 97/97 Prokinetic group: 105/105 | Not reported | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Liu [46] (China) | Xiao Pi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 40/40 Prokinetic group: 40/40 | Not reported | Rome III criteria (Spleen deficiency and qi stagnation; cold-heat complex) | All participants: 0.3–6.0 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Ma [47] (China) | He Wei Xiao Pi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 66/66 Prokinetic group: 60/60 | CHM group: 35.8 Prokinetic group: 37.1 | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Duan [48] (China) | Modified Zhi Zhu Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 60/60 Prokinetic group: 60/60 | Not reported | Rome III criteria (Spleen-stomach weakness) | CHM group: 0.5–4.5 years Prokinetic group: 0.5–4.5 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Wang [49] (China) | Shu Gan Jian Pi He Wei Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 50/50 Prokinetic group: 50/50 | CHM group: 41.5 (13.4) Prokinetic group: 42.6 (11.6) | Rome III criteria (Liver depression and spleen deficiency) | CHM group: 2.7 ± 1.0 years Prokinetic group: 2.8 ± 1.2 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Li [50] (China) | Tiao He Gan Pi Xing Qi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 72/72 Prokinetic group: 56/56 | All participants: 46.1 (6.7) | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Huang [51] (China) | Xiang Su Li Qi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 30/30 Prokinetic group: 30/30 | CHM group: 38.9 (6.4) Prokinetic group: 39.5 (6.6) | Rome III criteria (Spleen deficiency and qi stagnation) | CHM group: 2.4 ± 0.8 years Prokinetic group: 2.1 ± 0.9 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Sheng [52] (China) | Jian Pi Yi Qi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 41/41 Prokinetic group: 41/41 | Not reported | Rome III criteria | CHM group: 0.5–3.8 years Prokinetic group: 0.5–3.4 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Zhao [53] (China) | Tiao Zhong Xiao Pi Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 60/60 Prokinetic group: 60/60 | CHM group: 25.0 (1.2) Prokinetic group: 24.0 (1.5) | Rome III criteria | CHM group: 2.1 ± 0.6 years Prokinetic group: 2.0 ± 0.4 years | 2 weeks (2 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of early satiety Alleviation of epigastric pain Alleviation of epigastric burning |
Liu [54] (China) | Wu Mo Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 40/40 Prokinetic group: 40/40 | CHM group: 45.3 (5.3) Prokinetic group: 46.9 (5.1) | Rome III criteria (Spleen deficiency and qi stagnation) | CHM group: 2.1 ± 0.6 years Prokinetic group: 2.2 ± 0.4 years | 2 weeks (2 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Ma [55] (China) | Cai Hu Shu Gan Powder | Domperidone | CHM group: 30/30 Prokinetic group: 30/30 | CHM group: 42.3 (2.1) Prokinetic group: 41.3 (2.2) | Rome III criteria | CHM group: 5.2 ± 3.7 years Prokinetic group: 4.8 ± 3.1 years | 2 weeks (2 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Liu [56] (China) | Wei Kang Ping Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 40/40 Prokinetic group: 40/40 | CHM group: 54.6 Prokinetic group: 53.8 | Rome II criteria (Liver depression and spleen deficiency) | CHM group: 3.5 ± 1.3 years Prokinetic group: 3.4 ± 1.8 years | 2 weeks (2 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness |
Wang [57] (China) | Qi Zhi Wei Tong Granules | Domperidone | CHM group: 58/58 Prokinetic group: 54/54 | All participants: 43.2 (12.1) | Rome II criteria | Not reported | 2Â weeks (2Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Hu [64] (China) | Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction | Domperidone | CHM group: 30/30 Prokinetic group: 30/30 | CHM group: 37.2 (10.5) Prokinetic group: 39.3 (9.2) | Rome II criteria (Cold-heat complex) | CHM group: 19.2 ± 12.1 years Prokinetic group: 17.3 ± 11.4 years | 2 weeks (2 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Chen [66] (China) | Bu Gan Decoction | Mosapride | CHM group: 28/28 Prokinetic group: 28/28 | CHM group: 38.1 Prokinetic group: 37.8 | Rome III criteria (Spleen qi deficiency) | CHM group: 2.1Â years in average Prokinetic group: 2.2Â years in average | 4Â weeks (4Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness |
Wang [57] (China) | Tiao Wei Xiao Pi Decoction | Mosapride | CHM group: 33/33 Prokinetic group: 31/31 | CHM group: 47.9 (12.0) Prokinetic group: 44.8 (12.1) | Rome III criteria (Spleen deficiency and dampness-heat) | CHM group: 7.0 ± 5.0 years Prokinetic group: 6.5 ± 5.0 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness |
Huang [58] (China) | Da Li Tong Granules | Mosapride | CHM group: 57/57 Prokinetic group: 57/57 | Not reported | Rome III criteria | All participants: 0.5–24.0 years | 4 weeks (4 weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Zheng [59] (China) | Modified Yue Ju Decoction | Mosapride | CHM group: 60/60 Prokinetic group: 60/60 | Not reported | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 6Â weeks (6Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms |
Liu [60] (China) | Xiao Pi II | Mosapride | CHM group: 90/90 Prokinetic group: 90/90 | CHM group: 42.0 (15.0) Prokinetic group: 43.0 (14.0) | Rome III criteria | Not reported | 2Â weeks (2Â weeks) | Alleviation of global symptoms Alleviation of postprandial fullness Alleviation of epigastric pain |