Table 2 Characteristics of included interventions
Reference | CHM formula (dosage, frequency) | TCM function(s) of CHM formula | Ingredients of CHM formula | Prokinetics drugs (dosage, frequency) | Adverse event |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gong [38] | Liu Wei An Xiao Capsule (0.5 g powder per capsule, four capsules each time, three times per day) | Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Inulae, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Fructus Chebulae, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Gypsum Rubrum, and Tronae | Domperidone (10 mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: 8 cases of frequent bowel movements Prokinetic group: 9 cases, including mild diarrhoea (n = 5), mild headache (n = 2), and insomnia (n = 2) |
Li [60] | Liu Wei An Xiao Capsule (0.5Â g powder per capsule, four capsules each time, three times per day) | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported | ||
Zhou [39] | He Wei Decoction (150Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and harmonising the stomach | Radix Codonopsis, Radix Bupleuri, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus Amomi Rotundus, and Radix Aucklandiae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Leng [40] | He Wei Decoction (Weight in granule not reported, three times per day) | Domperidone (10 mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: 3 cases, including oral ulcer (n = 2) and diarrhoea (n = 1) Prokinetic group: 1 case of frequent bowel movements | ||
Gao [41] | Modified He Gan Decoction (150Â ml decoction, once per day) | Soothing the liver and fortifying the spleen | Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Radix Bupleuri, Herba Menthae, Caulis Perillae, Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Fructus Jujubae, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Massa Medicata Fermentata, and Fructus Amomi | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [61] | Fu An Decoction (100 ml decoction, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and fortifying the spleen | Radix Bupleuri, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, Rhizoma Corydalis. Fructus Toosendan, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Radix Aucklandiae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulata, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10 mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: 1 case of mild diarrhoea Prokinetic group: 4 cases, including diarrhoea (n = 2), skin rash (n = 1), and mild headache (n = 1) |
Lai [42] | Xiao Pi Tong Jiang Decoction (150Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Regulating cold and heat | Pinelliae Rhizoma, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Curcumae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Bupleuri, and Fructus Aurantii | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Cai [43] | Xiao Pi Kuan Wei Decoction (200Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and regulating qi | Radix Bupleuri, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Flos Inulae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Rhizoma Corydalis, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Dong [44] | Cai Zhu Jie Yu Decoction (Volume of decoction not reported, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and resolving qi stagnation | Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, Radix Chuanxiong, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Fructus Amomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [45] | Zhi Zhu Kuan Zhong Capsule (0.43Â g powder per capsule, three capsules each time, three times per day) | Soothing the liver and fortifying the spleen | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Gardeniae, Radix Bupleuri, and Fructus Crataegi | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [46] | Xiao Pi Decoction (200Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation Regulating cold and heat | Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Poria, Radix Codonopsis, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Fructus Aurantii, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Radix Aucklandiae, Herba Pogostemonis, Radix et Rhizoma Nardostachyos, Fructus Chebulae, and Fructus Hordei Germinatus | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Ma [47] | He Wei Xiao Pi Decoction (100Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Codonopsis, Poria, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Corydalis, Fructus Toosendan, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Pogostemonis, Herba Eupatorii, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Duan [48] | Modified Zhi Zhu Decoction (Volume of decoction not reported, once per day) | Fortifying the spleen and tonifying qi Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Semen Nelumbinis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Rhizoma Cimicifugae, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Wang [49] | Shu Gan Jian Pi He Wei Decoction (200Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach | Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Poria, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Semen Coicis, Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Bupleuri, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Cyperi, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Fructus Crataegi, Massa Medicata Fermentata, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Radix Codonopsis, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Li, 2014 | Tiao He Gan Pi Xing Qi Decoction (150Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and spleen Moving qi at the middle energizer | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Curcumae, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Huang [51] | Xiang Su Li Qi Decoction (150Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Warming the spleen and stomach Moving qi at the middle energizer | Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Cyperi, Caulis Perillae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Amomi, Radix Codonopsis, Poria, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Sheng [52] | Jian Pi Yi Qi Decoction (100Â ml decoction, twice per day) | Fortifying the spleen and tonifying qi | Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Cyperi, Poria, Fructus Jujubae, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Fructus Aurantii, Caulis Perillae, and Ramulus Cinnamomi | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: no adverse events reported Prokinetic group: 5 cases of mild headache |
Zhao [53] | Tiao Zhong Xiao Pi Decoction (Volume of decoction not reported, twice per day) | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, Bulbus Lilii, Herba Taraxaci, Fructus Setariae Germinatus, Semen Oroxyli, Flos Rosae Rugosae, Cortex Albiziae, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [54] | Wu Mo Decoction | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Fortifying the spleen Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Linderae, Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum, Radix Aucklandiae, Semen Arecae, and Radix Codonopsis | Domperidone (10 mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: 2 cases, including diarrhoea (n = 1) and dizziness (n = 1) Prokinetic group: 2 cases, including urticaria (n = 1) and dizziness (n = 1) |
Ma [55] | Cai Hu Shu Gan Powder | Soothing the liver and resolving qi stagnation Moving qi to relieve pain | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Cyperi, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [62] | Wei Kang Ping Decoction | Soothing the liver and fortifying the spleen | Radix Bupleuri, Fructus Aurantii, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Poria, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Curcumae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Fructus Crataegi, and Massa Medicata Fermentata | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Wang [63] | Qi Zhi Wei Tong Granules | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Harmonising the stomach to relieve pain | Radix Bupleuri, Rhizoma Corydalis, Fructus Aurantii, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Hu [64] | Ban Xia Xie Xin Decoction | Regulating cold and heat | Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Fructus Amomi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus Jujubae, and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | Domperidone (10Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Chen [56] | Bu Gan Decoction | Fortifying the spleen and tonifying qi Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Astragali, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix et Rhizoma Asari, Poria, Fructus Amomi, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Fructus Hordei Germinatus, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Mosapride (5Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Wang [57] | Tiao Wei Xiao Pi Decoction | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Fortifying the spleen Clearing dampness-heat | Radix Codonopsis, Poria, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Corydalis, Fructus Toosendan, Herba Taraxaci, Semen Coicis, Caulis Bambusae in Taenia, Fructus Aurantii, Caulis Perillae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Mosapride (5Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Huang [58] | Da Li Tong Granules | Clearing heat and resolving qi stagnation Harmonising the stomach and directing qi downward Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Bupleuri, Radix Aucklandiae, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fructus Crataegi, Caulis Sinomenii, Rhizoma Corydalis, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Herba Taraxaci, Semen Arecae, Radix Codonopsis, and Massa Medicata Fermentata | Mosapride (5Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | CHM group: no adverse events reported Prokinetic group: 1 case of mild diarrhoea |
Zheng [59] | Modified Yue Ju Decoction | Soothing the liver and regulating qi Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Aucklandiae, Fructus Aurantii, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Radix Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Fructus Gardeniae, and Massa Medicata Fermentata | Mosapride (5Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |
Liu [37] | Xiao Pi II | Fortifying the spleen and harmonising the stomach Promoting digestion and removing food stagnation | Radix Codonopsis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Poria, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Fructus Amomi, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus Aurantii, and Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Mosapride (5Â mg per tablet, one tablet each time, three times per day) | No adverse events reported |